Chapter 1 Flashcards
SI units
units of measurement that are standard around the world;
ex. meter (m), kelvin (K), mole (mol), second (s), etc.
ordinate
the y-axis of a graph
abscissa
the x-axis of a graph
solvent
the major species in a solution
solute
the minor species in a solution
concentration
states how much solute is contained in a given volume or mass of solution or solvent
mole
avagadro’s number of particles
Molarity
(M); number of moles of a substance per liter of solution;
formula: M = mol of solute / L of solution
atomic mass
number of grams containing Avogadro’s number of atoms
molecular mass
sum of atomic masses of the atoms in the molecules
electrolyte
substances that dissociates into ions in solution
strong vs. weak electrolytes
strong - mostly dissociate into ions in solution
weak - partially dissociate into ions in solution
formal concentration
the molarity of a strong electrolyte
formula mass
sum of atomic masses of all atoms in the formula
Molality
(m) ; concentration expressed as moles of substance per kilogram of solvent;
formula: m = mol of solute / kg of solvent
weight percent formula
wt% = mass of solute / mass of total solution/mixture x 100
volume percent formula
vol% = vol of solute / vol of solution x 100
density formula
d = mass / volume
specific gravity formula
= density of substance / density of water at 4 celcius
part per million
ppm = mass of substance / mass of sample x 10^6
parts per billion
ppb = mass of substance / mass of sample x 10^9
anhydrous
substance containing NO water
stoichiometry
calculation of quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction
