Chapter 1

Question 1

The objects described by a set of data. Individuals may be people, animals, or things.

Answer 1

Individuals

Question 2

Any characteristic of an individual. A variable can take different values for different individuals

Answer 2

Variable

Question 3

Places an individual into one of several groups or categories

Answer 3

Categorical variable

Question 4

Takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average

Answer 4

Quantitative value

Question 5

Tells us what the variable takes and how often it takes these variables

Answer 5

Distribution

Question 6

One of the categorical variables in a two-way table of counts is the distribution of that variable among all individuals described by the table

Answer 6

Marginal distribution

Question 7

Describes the values of that variable among individuals who have a specific value of another variable. There is a separate conditional distribution for each value of the other variable.

Answer 7

Conditional distribution

Question 8

There is this between 2 variable if knowing the value of one variable helps to predict the value of the other. If knowing the value of 1 variable does not help predict the value of the other, then there is no association between the variables

Answer 8

Association

Question 9

Each data value is gown as a dot above its location on a number line

Answer 9

Dot plot

Question 10

A distribution is this if the right or left sides of the graph are approximately mirror images of each other

Answer 10

Symmetric

Question 11

Right side of graph is much longer than left

Answer 11

Skewed to the right

Question 12

Left side of graph is much longer than the right side

Answer 12

Skewed to the left

Question 13

Have a single peak

Answer 13

Unimodal

Question 14

Give a quick picture of shape of distribution while including the actual numerical values in the graph

Answer 14

Stemplot

Question 15

X(with a line over it)= the sum of X i over n

Answer 15

Mean of x

Question 16

Is the midpoint of a distribution, the number such that about half the observations are smaller and about half are larger.

Answer 16

Median

Question 17

Lies 1 quarter up the list

Answer 17

1st quartile

Question 18

Lies at the median

Answer 18

2nd quartile

Question 19

Lies 3 quarters up the list

Answer 19

3rd quartile

Question 20

Measure the range of the middle 50% of the range

Answer 20

Interquartilerange (IRQ)

Question 21

Call an observation an outlier if it falls more than 1.5 X IQR above the 3rd quartile or below the 1st quartile

Answer 21

The 1.5 X IQR rule for outliers

Question 22

Consists of the smallest observation, the 1st quartile, the median, the 3rd quartile, and the largest observation, written in order from smallest to largest

Answer 22

Five-number summary

Question 23

Measures the typical distance of the values in a distribution from the mean

Answer 23

Standard devaition

Question 24

The average squared deviation

Answer 24

Variance