Chapter 1

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

a holistic transaction between the individual, a stressor, and the environment, resulting in a stress response

Question 2

holistic transaction

Answer 2

a stress appraisal process involving the potential stressor, the individual, and the environment; an individual’s appraisal process is influenced by his or her level of well-being and ability to cope with the potential stressor at the moment under the specific environmental conditions surrounding the person and the potential stressor

Question 3

stressor

Answer 3

any stimulus appraised by the individual as threatening or capable of causing harm or loss

Question 4

stress response

Answer 4

a set of physiological adaptations of the body to regain homeostasis in the face of threat, harm, or loss

Question 5

milieu interieur

Answer 5

the body’s internal environment

Question 6

endocrinologist

Answer 6

a person who studies the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system and the treatment of endocrine problems

Question 7

noxious

Answer 7

harmful, injurious, or detrimental to health

Question 8

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 8

the three-phase stress response identified by Selye. Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 9

Alarm phase

Answer 9

the first phase of GAS, in which the body mobilizes energy to meet the demands of stressors

Question 10

resistance phase

Answer 10

the second phase of GAS, in which the body attempts to maintain homeostasis in the face of chronic stressors

Question 11

exhaustion phase

Answer 11

the third phase of GAS, in which a body part or system breaks down as a result of the energy demands of chronic stressors

Question 12

strain

Answer 12

the wear and tear on body parts and systems as they fight to maintain homeostasis in response to stressors

Question 13

adaptation energy

Answer 13

the body’s finite energy reserves available for coping with stressors

Question 14

fight or flight

Answer 14

the state of physiological readiness for action created by the body during the alarm phase

Question 15

weak links

Answer 15

susceptible body parts or systems that break down under the wear and tear of chronic stressors

Question 16

life events

Answer 16

life changing experiences that use energy and can cause stress

Question 17

readjustments

Answer 17

the body’s physiological adaptations to life events

Question 18

diencephalon

Answer 18

a part of the brain consisting of the thalamus and hypothalamus; responsible for interpreting incoming sensory stimuli as threatening or not

Question 19

eustress

Answer 19

selye’s term for what he described as positive stress that invigorated or motivates

Question 20

distress

Answer 20

selye’s term for negative stress that results in the general adaptation syndrome

Question 21

threat

Answer 21

the perception of harm

Question 22

health

Answer 22

defined by the world health organization (WHO) in 1947 to be a state of complete mental, physical, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease

Question 23

holistic health

Answer 23

process of moving toward optimal physical, social, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual functioning

Question 24

wellness

Answer 24

a state of optimal health across 6 dimensions: physical, social, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and environmental/occupational