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Western Civilization 2021 > Chapter 1-6 Midterm > Flashcards

Chapter 1-6 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

When did first homominds exist?

A

4 million years

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2
Q

When did Homo sapiens take over?

A

20,000 years ago

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3
Q

What was Homo Sapiens lifestyle?

A
  • Nomadic
  • Lived in groups of 25
  • men hunted
  • women took care of children
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4
Q

How did history start?

A

History starts with writing

- written documents

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5
Q

Did Sumerians or Egyptians believe in the afterlife?

A

Egyptians believe in afterlife. Sumerians didn’t.

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6
Q

What was the political structure of Egypt ?

A
  • unified kingdom

- pharaohs are in charge

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7
Q

What was the political structure of Mesopotamia?

A
  • City- states

- kings, power came from gods

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8
Q

Explain Mesopotamia geography.

A
  • near rivers: Tigris & Euphrates
  • feared floods, were unpredictable
  • build fortifications
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9
Q

Explain Egyptian geography.

A
  • floods were positive
  • near Nile river
  • natural Barriers
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10
Q

What were writing systems for Mesopotamia & Egypt?

A

Egypt- hieroglyphs on papyrus

Sumerians- Cuneiform on clay tablets

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11
Q

In Neolithic ages (10,000 B.C.- 4,000 B.C.) what occurred?

A
  • became sedentary
  • became food producers
  • domesticate animals
  • lived in bigger communities
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12
Q

Who invented the wheel?

A

Sumerians, easier to transport goods

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13
Q

What was the code of Hammurabi?

A
  • “eye for an eye” law
  • no prisons so punishments, usually death
  • social ranks influenced punishments
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14
Q

Were the Pyramids created in Old kingdom, Middle Kingdom or New kingdom?

A

pyramids were built in Old Kingdom to preserve mummified pharaohs’ bodies

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15
Q

What was the result of the Hyksos encounter in Egypt in 1700 BC?

A

Hykos won so they imposed their military technology- capital of Egypt was moved to city of Avaris.

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16
Q

What started the New Kingdom period?

A

Ahmose I revolted against Hykos and won

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17
Q

What is Exodus?

A
  • massive Hebrew Migration to escape Egypt
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18
Q

What was the Ten Commandments?

A
  • set of laws
  • influencial to western legal system
  • punishments- stoning, banishing
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19
Q

What was the Delian League?

A

Alliance of Greek city- states led by Athens against Persia

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20
Q

what does Polis mean?

A

Greek City- state

21
Q

How did Poleis negatively affect Greek Society?

A

it divided Greece into competitive states

22
Q

Who established Athenian Democracy

A

Cleisthenes

23
Q

What were the results of the First Persian War?

A

The Persians lost against the greeks at the Battle of Marathon

24
Q

What lead the Second Persian War and what were the results?

A
  • Persian King Xeres invaded Greece and Greeks won, in a naval battle
  • greek became united
  • formed the Delian League
25
Q

Name 5 Greek gods and what they were.

A
  • Zeus: Father of Gods
  • Poseidon: God of Sea
  • Athena: Goddess of Wisdom
  • Apollo: God of Sun
  • Aphrodite: God of Love
  • Ares: God of War
26
Q

Politics of Sparta vs Athens

A

Athens:
- Democracy, large assembly 500 freemen who were citizens , long debates, no kings
Sparta:
- Diarchy (2 kings), small assembly 30 men, short debates, ephors, council of elders

27
Q

Military of Sparta vs Athens

A

Athens:
fortified city, good navy, not permanently mobilized
Sparta:
Permanently mobilized, no fortifications, no navy

28
Q

Economy of Sparta vs Athens

A

Athens: Maritime commerce
Sparta: Helots (slaves) provide all the good

29
Q

Status of Women in Sparta vs Athens

A

Sparta: had more freedom of movements, men were off to war, adultery was tolerated

Athens: no freedom of movement, must always be accompanied, poor education

30
Q

Education in Sparta vs Athens

A

Sparta: military education
Athens: public speaking, could learn trades

31
Q

What is Pederasty?

A

Sexual activity of a mentor and a young boy, to reinforce idea of submission to authority figures

32
Q

Who were the first historians and what were their differences?

A

Herodotus and Thucydides, first historians

Thucydides, much closer to modern historians– he didn’t consider influence of divine forces

33
Q

What disciplines are Ancient Greece known for?

A
  • history
  • practice of medicine
  • philosophy
  • drama
34
Q

Who were the Greeks first conquered by?

A

Macedonia defeated them in 338 BC at Battle of Chaeronea

35
Q

Who is Alexander III The great and what did he want to do?

A

Son of Philip of Macedonia, he wanted to defeat Persians to convince Greece he was a capable leader. He ruled over Persia, Egypt and Greece

36
Q

How did Alexander come to defeat Persians?

A

He encountered the Persians 3 times, at the last Battle he Killed Darius (king of Persians),

37
Q

In Philosophy was is the difference between Epicureans and Stoics?

A

Epicureans: believed gods didn’t influence the world, humans In charge of finding own happiness

Stoics: gods influenced life, best way to accept happiness= accept that gods will throw challenges

38
Q

Who were the founders of Rome?

A

Romulus and Remus, twin brothers

39
Q

What were the result of The First Punic War?

A

Carthaginians withdrew from Sicily and gave Corsica and and Sardinia to Rome, they also paid indemnity to Rome

40
Q

What were results of The Second Punic War?

A

Rome imposed peace treaty: Ibernian Peninsula was under Roman Empire, Carthage payed 50 years indemnity, could only go to war with Rome’s permission, Hannibal (leader) fled Carthage and committed suicide

41
Q

What were the results of The Third Punic War?

A

North Africa was Part of the Roman Empire, Carthage was Destroyed, Punic wars allowed Romas to conquer Greece, Greece was part of the Roman Empire.

42
Q

What was the government of Rome from 509-27 BC?

A

A Republic

43
Q

What was the first Region the Romans conquered?

A

Sicily

44
Q

What was a paterfamilias in Roman society?

A

The male head of the household.

45
Q

Who founded the First Great Triumvirate?

A

Caesar, Crassus, Pomey

46
Q

Who founded the Second Great Triumvirate?

A

Octavian, Marc Anthony, Lepidus

47
Q

What was the goal of the Triumvirate?

A

To rule the whole Roman Empire and to divided among the 3 of them

48
Q

What ended the Roman Republic?

A

After Octavian killed Anthony he was the ruler of Rome, the senate truly liked him and he was renamed Augustus, the first emperor of Rome

Western Civilization 2021 (1 decks)

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