Chapter 1-6 Midterm

Question 1

When did first homominds exist?

Answer 1

4 million years

Question 2

When did Homo sapiens take over?

Answer 2

20,000 years ago

Question 3

What was Homo Sapiens lifestyle?

Answer 3

• Nomadic
• Lived in groups of 25
• men hunted
• women took care of children

Question 4

How did history start?

Answer 4

History starts with writing

- written documents

Question 5

Did Sumerians or Egyptians believe in the afterlife?

Answer 5

Egyptians believe in afterlife. Sumerians didn’t.

Question 6

What was the political structure of Egypt ?

Answer 6

• unified kingdom

- pharaohs are in charge

Question 7

What was the political structure of Mesopotamia?

Answer 7

• City- states

- kings, power came from gods

Question 8

Explain Mesopotamia geography.

Answer 8

• near rivers: Tigris & Euphrates
• feared floods, were unpredictable
• build fortifications

Question 9

Explain Egyptian geography.

Answer 9

• floods were positive
• near Nile river
• natural Barriers

Question 10

What were writing systems for Mesopotamia & Egypt?

Answer 10

Egypt- hieroglyphs on papyrus

Sumerians- Cuneiform on clay tablets

Question 11

In Neolithic ages (10,000 B.C.- 4,000 B.C.) what occurred?

Answer 11

• became sedentary
• became food producers
• domesticate animals
• lived in bigger communities

Question 12

Who invented the wheel?

Answer 12

Sumerians, easier to transport goods

Question 13

What was the code of Hammurabi?

Answer 13

• “eye for an eye” law
• no prisons so punishments, usually death
• social ranks influenced punishments

Question 14

Were the Pyramids created in Old kingdom, Middle Kingdom or New kingdom?

Answer 14

pyramids were built in Old Kingdom to preserve mummified pharaohs’ bodies

Question 15

What was the result of the Hyksos encounter in Egypt in 1700 BC?

Answer 15

Hykos won so they imposed their military technology- capital of Egypt was moved to city of Avaris.

Question 16

What started the New Kingdom period?

Answer 16

Ahmose I revolted against Hykos and won

Question 17

What is Exodus?

Answer 17

• massive Hebrew Migration to escape Egypt

Question 18

What was the Ten Commandments?

Answer 18

• set of laws
• influencial to western legal system
• punishments- stoning, banishing

Question 19

What was the Delian League?

Answer 19

Alliance of Greek city- states led by Athens against Persia

Question 20

what does Polis mean?

Answer 20

Greek City- state

Question 21

How did Poleis negatively affect Greek Society?

Answer 21

it divided Greece into competitive states

Question 22

Who established Athenian Democracy

Answer 22

Cleisthenes

Question 23

What were the results of the First Persian War?

Answer 23

The Persians lost against the greeks at the Battle of Marathon

Question 24

What lead the Second Persian War and what were the results?

Answer 24

• Persian King Xeres invaded Greece and Greeks won, in a naval battle
• greek became united
• formed the Delian League

Question 25

Name 5 Greek gods and what they were.

Answer 25

- Zeus: Father of Gods - Poseidon: God of Sea - Athena: Goddess of Wisdom - Apollo: God of Sun - Aphrodite: God of Love - Ares: God of War

Question 26

Politics of Sparta vs Athens

Answer 26

Athens: - Democracy, large assembly 500 freemen who were citizens , long debates, no kings Sparta: - Diarchy (2 kings), small assembly 30 men, short debates, ephors, council of elders

Question 27

Military of Sparta vs Athens

Answer 27

Athens: fortified city, good navy, not permanently mobilized Sparta: Permanently mobilized, no fortifications, no navy

Question 28

Economy of Sparta vs Athens

Answer 28

Athens: Maritime commerce Sparta: Helots (slaves) provide all the good

Question 29

Status of Women in Sparta vs Athens

Answer 29

Sparta: had more freedom of movements, men were off to war, adultery was tolerated Athens: no freedom of movement, must always be accompanied, poor education

Question 30

Education in Sparta vs Athens

Answer 30

Sparta: military education Athens: public speaking, could learn trades

Question 31

What is Pederasty?

Answer 31

Sexual activity of a mentor and a young boy, to reinforce idea of submission to authority figures

Question 32

Who were the first historians and what were their differences?

Answer 32

Herodotus and Thucydides, first historians | Thucydides, much closer to modern historians-- he didn't consider influence of divine forces

Question 33

What disciplines are Ancient Greece known for?

Answer 33

- history - practice of medicine - philosophy - drama

Question 34

Who were the Greeks first conquered by?

Answer 34

Macedonia defeated them in 338 BC at Battle of Chaeronea

Question 35

Who is Alexander III The great and what did he want to do?

Answer 35

Son of Philip of Macedonia, he wanted to defeat Persians to convince Greece he was a capable leader. He ruled over Persia, Egypt and Greece

Question 36

How did Alexander come to defeat Persians?

Answer 36

He encountered the Persians 3 times, at the last Battle he Killed Darius (king of Persians),

Question 37

In Philosophy was is the difference between Epicureans and Stoics?

Answer 37

Epicureans: believed gods didn't influence the world, humans In charge of finding own happiness Stoics: gods influenced life, best way to accept happiness= accept that gods will throw challenges

Question 38

Who were the founders of Rome?

Answer 38

Romulus and Remus, twin brothers

Question 39

What were the result of The First Punic War?

Answer 39

Carthaginians withdrew from Sicily and gave Corsica and and Sardinia to Rome, they also paid indemnity to Rome

Question 40

What were results of The Second Punic War?

Answer 40

Rome imposed peace treaty: Ibernian Peninsula was under Roman Empire, Carthage payed 50 years indemnity, could only go to war with Rome's permission, Hannibal (leader) fled Carthage and committed suicide

Question 41

What were the results of The Third Punic War?

Answer 41

North Africa was Part of the Roman Empire, Carthage was Destroyed, Punic wars allowed Romas to conquer Greece, Greece was part of the Roman Empire.

Question 42

What was the government of Rome from 509-27 BC?

Answer 42

A Republic

Question 43

What was the first Region the Romans conquered?

Answer 43

Sicily

Question 44

What was a paterfamilias in Roman society?

Answer 44

The male head of the household.

Question 45

Who founded the First Great Triumvirate?

Answer 45

Caesar, Crassus, Pomey

Question 46

Who founded the Second Great Triumvirate?

Answer 46

Octavian, Marc Anthony, Lepidus

Question 47

What was the goal of the Triumvirate?

Answer 47

To rule the whole Roman Empire and to divided among the 3 of them

Question 48

What ended the Roman Republic?

Answer 48

After Octavian killed Anthony he was the ruler of Rome, the senate truly liked him and he was renamed Augustus, the first emperor of Rome