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IT Essentials > Chapter 1-6 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of desktop form factors

A

Horizontal
Full sized towers
Compact tower
All in one

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2
Q

Desktop power supply form factors

A

Advanced technology (AT) obsolete
ATX extended-obsolete
ATX12V- most common power supply
EPS12V- designed for server

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3
Q

For basic units of electricity

A

Volts
Current
Resistance
Power

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4
Q

Voltage

A

Measure of work required to move a charge

Measured in volts

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5
Q

Current

A

Measured in amps

Measure of electrons moving every second

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6
Q

Resistance

A

Measured in ohms

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7
Q

Power

A

Measured in watts

=vi

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8
Q

Ohms law

A

V=ir

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9
Q

Motherboard

A

Backbone of computer

Includes spots for cpu, ram, expansion slots, chip sets, and bios chips

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10
Q

2 main types of chipsets

A

North bridge-controls high speed access

South bridge-allows cpu to communicate with slower devices

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11
Q

Common motherboard form factors

A

ATX- Moody common form factors
Micro ATX-smaller form factor designed to be backwards compatible
ITX gaining popularity due to size

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12
Q

CPU Architectures

A

Pin grid array- pins on underside of board

LGA land grid array-pins are in socket instead of processor

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13
Q

2 distinct types of directions used by CPU

A

Reduced instruction set computer (RISC)-uses fewer instructions
Complex instruction at computer (CISC)-uses broad set of instructions

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14
Q

4 types of ROM

A

ROM
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM

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15
Q

Types of RAM

A 
Dram
Sram 
Sdram 
DDR 
DDR 2
DDR 3
DDR 4
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16
Q

Dram

A

Dynamic ram uses memory chip as main memory

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17
Q

Sram

A

Static ram-uses memory chip as cache memory fastest ram

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18
Q

Sdram

A

Synchronous dram- operates in sync with memory bus

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19
Q

DDR

A

Double data rate sdram-twice as fast as sdram

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20
Q

Memory modules

A

Dir-dual in-line package
SIMM-single in-line memory module
DIMM- dual inline memory module
SODIMM-small outline DIMM

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21
Q

Dir

A

Individual memory chips

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22
Q

Simm

A

Small circuit board

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23
Q

DIMM

A

Circuit board that holds ram

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24
Q

SODIMM

A

Small outline DIMM-smaller DIMM

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25
Q

Adapter Cards

A 
Sound adapter
NIC
Wireless NIC
Video adapter
Capture card
Tv tuner card
USB 
Thunderbolt-connects to peripheries 
RAID-links together multiple HDDs or SSDs
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26
Q

SATA

A

Serial AT attachment with 15 pins used connect storage devices to motherboard

SATA 1 up to 1.5gbs
SATA 2 up to 3 gbs
SATA 3 up to 6 gbs

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27
Q

3 Main terms for raid

A

Parity-detects errors
Striping-writes across multiple devices
Mirroring-stores Data IN second drives

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28
Q

DVI

A

Digital video interface
2 types DVID &DVIA
DVID- digital
DVIA-analog

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29
Q

Display port connector

A

Designed to connect high end video to a monitor

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30
Q

PS/2 ports

A

Connects a keyboard or mouse to a computer

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31
Q

Dot Pitch

A

Distance between pixels on screen

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32
Q

Thick Clients

A

Standard computers

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33
Q

Thin clients

A

Low end computers that rely on remote servers

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34
Q

ESD

A

Electrostatic discharge occurs when a build up of static comes into contact with another surface

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35
Q

EMI

A

Electro magnetic interference-intrusion off outside EM signals in a transmission media

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36
Q

SDS

A

Gives info for hazardous material

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37
Q

Loopback adapter

A

Tests basic functionality of computer ports

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38
Q

Disk management tools

A

Disk management-initializes disks, create partitions and formats partitions
Format-prepares a hard drive to store information
Scandisk Or CHKDSK-check’s integrity of files and folders on a hard drive by scanning the file system
Optimize drive-defrag
Disk cleanup-searches for files that can be safely deleted
System file checker (SFC)-scans OS files and replaces files that are corrupt

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39
Q

Types of adapter cards

A

PCI-uses for older components

PCIe-for types of slots

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40
Q

System Speaker

A

Used to audibly indicate a computers status

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41
Q

USB front panel connector

A

Often consists of nine or ten pins arranged in a row

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42
Q

Power button

A

Turns computer on or off

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43
Q

Drive activity LEDs

A

Remains lit or blinks when a computer is writing data

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44
Q

Power led

A

Remains lit when computer is on and blinks if it’s asleep

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45
Q

Audio front panel connection

A

Connects ports for outside audio

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46
Q

BIOS

A

Basic input/output system
Performs hardware check on main components of the computer
Firmware used during boot up process

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47
Q

POST

A

Power on self test

Performed by BIOS

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48
Q

What does the bios identify

A

Available drives
Bootable drives
How memory is configured
Configuration of PCIe and PCI expansion slots
How SATA and USB ports are developed
Motherboard power managements features
The motherboard manufacturer saves the motherboard bios settings in the CMOS

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49
Q

CMOS

A

Complimentary metal oxide semiconductor

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50
Q

UEFI

A

Unified extensible firmware interface
It is a software layer that replaces bios and sits between the os and system firmware
Provides a mouse enabled software interface

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51
Q

Main BIOS configuration settings

A 
Time and date
Disable devices 
Boot order 
Clock speed 
Virtualization
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52
Q

Common BIOS security configuration

A 
Bios passwords
Drive encryption 
LoJack
TPM
Secure boot
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53
Q

LoJack

A 
Turns on the persistence module in bios and prevents it from turning off to report device info and locations
Used to help locate lost devices
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54
Q

TPM

A

Trusted platform module

Used to store cryptographic keys

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55
Q

Secure boot

A

UEFI security standards that ensures a computer only boots a trusted OS

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56
Q

What components should be regularly inspected

A 
Cpu heat sink and fan
RAM modules
Storage devices
Adapter cards
Screws 
Cables
Power devices 
Keyboard and mouse
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57
Q

Basic guidelines for troubleshooting computers with people

A 
Ask direct questions
Don’t use industry jargon
Don’t talk down to customer
Don’t insult customer
Don’t accuse customers of solving a problem
Use open ended questions
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58
Q

Common terms for operating systems

A

Multiuser-two Or more users have individual accounts
Multitasking-capable of operating multiple applications
Multiprocessing-can support multiple cpus
Multi threading-allows program to be broken into smaller parts that are loaded as needed

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59
Q

Characteristics of a desktop os

A

Supports single user
Runs single use applications
Shares files and folders in a small network with limited security

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60
Q

Network operating system (NOS)

A

Has three specific characteristics

  1. supports multiple users
  2. runs multi-user applications
  3. provides increased security compared to desktop is
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61
Q

What resources are provided by a NOS

A 
Server applications 
Centralized data storage
Centralized repository of user accounts
Network print queue
Redundant storage systems
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62
Q

Tools for data migration

A

User state migration tool

Windows easy transfer

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63
Q

Types of flash based memory

A

USB flash drives
Solid state drives
Solid state hybrid disks
Embedded multimedia ATX

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64
Q

eMMC

A

Embeds multimediacard
Slower and cheaper than SSD
Popular in PEDs

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65
Q

Master boot record

A

Contains info on how hard drive partitions are organized

66
Q

GUID partition

A

A partition table standard for hard drives

Commonly used on computers with UEFI

67
Q

Primary partition

A

Contains OS files and is usually the first partition

Cannot be subdivided into smaller sections

68
Q

Active partition

A

Used to store and boot an operating system

Only one can be marked active on a drive at a time

69
Q

Extended partition

A

Used if more than four partitions are required
Allows primary partitions to be designated as an extended partition
Allows up to 23 logical partitions to be created

70
Q

Logical drive

A

Section of extended partition

Can be used to separate information for administrative purposes

71
Q

Basic disk

A

Contains partitions such as primary and extended as well as logical drives formatted for data storage

72
Q

Dynamic disks

A

Provide features not supported by basic disks
Allows creation of volumes the span across multiple disks
The size of partitions can be created after they are made

73
Q

Formatting partition

A

Creates a file system in a partition for files to be stored

74
Q

FAT32

A

File allocation table 32bit

Supports partition sizes of up to 2tb

75
Q

NTFS

A

Supports portions sizes of up to 16 exabytes
Incorporates File system security features and extended attributes
Automatically creates a partition using the entire hard drive I’ll install windows if a new partition is not created

76
Q

ExFAT

A

Addresses some limitations of FAT, FAT32, and NFTS when formatting usb drives

77
Q

CDFS

A

Created specifically for optical disk media

78
Q

NFS

A

Network file system

Network based file system that system that allows file access over networks

79
Q

ROM

A

Memory location that stores basic operational instructions used by cpu for booting computer

80
Q

Chipset

A

Integrated circuits on motherboard that control system hardware interaction with cpu

81
Q

Power supply tester

A

Can be used to check wether the power supply of a device is working properly

82
Q

System file checker

A

A utility in later windows operating systems

Scans all critical files of os and replaces corrupt files

83
Q

Toner generator and probe

A

Two part tool typically used to identify an individual wire in a circuit
Toner is connected to cable at one end and generates a tone that travels through the cable

84
Q

Disk management

A

Utility to manage installed or connected storage devices

Can perform disk initialization,create partitions and format partitions

85
Q

History of repairs

A

Detailed list of problems and repairs maintained by a technician or support desk system
Should include date, problems identified, actions to correct problems, replacement parts and customer information

86
Q

Cable tester

A

Can be used to check condition of a data cable including wiring shorts, faults or wrongly connected wires

87
Q

Clock speed

A

Function configurable within some bios setup programs that allows for modification of cpu running speed

88
Q

Virtualization

A

Allows multiple operating systems to run at the same time

89
Q

Boot order

A

A bios setting for bootable partitions and devices

90
Q

PCI

A

An older expansion slot used to attach hardware to a motherboard

91
Q

Secure boot

A

Prevents an unauthorized os from loading during startup

92
Q

FireWire/thunderbolt

A

External I/o ports that connect digital devices to a computer

93
Q

Beep code

A

Post generated info generated used for troubleshooting

94
Q

Conversations etiquette

A

Expected professionalism

95
Q

Diagnostic tools

A

Software available to help locate and solve problems

96
Q

Event viewer

A

A tool that is used to see date and time a problem occurred

97
Q

ESD vacuum cleaner

A

A low airflow device the is used to remove collected dust and materials from inside the case

98
Q

Routine maintenance

A

Regular maintenance routines that extend the life of a pc

99
Q

Task manager

A

A tool that is used to easily monitor CPU, memory l, and network performance

100
Q

Device manager

A

Tool that is used to determine if a hardware device is operational

101
Q

Liability release

A

A waiver of responsibility if data is lost or corrupted during the repair process

102
Q

Sysprep

A

Microsoft’s system preparation

Used to remove undesirable settings accidentally included in base installations for disk cloning

103
Q

System restore

A

Restores a system to an earlier restore point

104
Q

Refresh pc

A

Restores system back to factory state without deleting user files or removing modern apps

105
Q

Recovery partition

A

User inaccessible partition that contains an image used to restore a computer to its original position

106
Q

Windows 8 advanced start up options

A 
System restore
System image recovery
Automatic repair
Command prompt
UEFI firmware setting
Windows start up settings
107
Q

system restore

A

Restores a computer to earlier point

108
Q

Automatic repair

A

Scans system and tries to automatically repair issues

109
Q

Command prompt

A

Open a recovery environment command prompt which grants access to a number of command line trouble shooting tools

110
Q

UEFI firmware settings

A

Allows changing of UEFI settings

111
Q

Windows start up settings

A

Allows you to enable safe mode

112
Q

System recovery options for windows 7 and vista

A 
Start up repair
System restore
System image recovery 
Windows memory diagnostic
Command prompt
113
Q

Startup repair

A

Scans hard drive for problems and automatically fixes missing or corrupt system files That prevent windows form starting

114
Q

Windows memory diagnostics

A

Tool examines computer memory to detect malfunctions and diagnose problems

115
Q

Describe advanced start up options

A

A set of tools that allows users to troubleshoot, recover or restore and operating system when it can’t boot

116
Q

PXE

A

A special environment used to boot the computer, connect to the network l, and communicate with the server to begin OS installation

117
Q

Recovery partition

A

Contains an image that can be used to restore the computer to the original configuration

118
Q

Sysprep

A

A program used to prepare the os with different hardware configurations to install and configure the same os on multiple computers

119
Q

RIS

A

A software package used to communicate with a client and provide the necessary instructions for client to download os setup files and begin installation

120
Q

BIOS boot process order

A
  1. POST
  2. BIOS located and reads configuration settings the are stored in CMOS memory
  3. the BIOS boots crew computer using the first drove that contains a valid boot sector
  4. the code in the boot sector is executed, and control of the boot process is given to the windows boot manager
  5. WinLoad uses the path specified in BOOTMGR to find the boot partition
  6. WinLoad loads two files that make up the core of windows; NTOSKRNL.EXE and HAL.DLL
  7. WinLoad reads the registry files, chooses a hardware profile, and loads the device drivers
  8. The windows kernel takes over the boot process
  9. NTOSKRNL.EXE starts the login file WINLOGON.EXE
  10. WINLOG.EXE displays the windows welcome screen
121
Q

Startup modes

A

Safe mode
Safe mode with networking
Safe mode with command prompts
Last known good configurations

122
Q

Safe mode

A

Diagnostic mode used to troubleshoot windows and windows start up issues

123
Q

Safe mode with networking

A

Starts windows in safe mode with networking support

124
Q

Safe mode with command prompt

A

Starts windows and loads the command prompts instead of the GUI

125
Q

Last Known Good configuration

A

Loads the configuration settings that were used the last time windows started successfully

126
Q

Snap

A

Windows desktop feature that allows resizing a window by dragging it to the edges of the screen

127
Q

Differential backup

A

A backup technique that backs up all the files and folders that have been created or modified since the last backup and dos not mark files as archived

128
Q

Sleep

A

When documents and applications are saved in RAM allowing the computer to be powered on quickly

129
Q

Shortcut

A

A link to a program in a different folder or directory

130
Q

Task scheduler

A

Software that monitors selected user defined criteria and the executes tasks when criteria have been met

131
Q

Charm bar

A

A universal windows 8.x toolbar that can be accessed while working any applications

132
Q

Device manager

A

Displays a list of all the devices installed on the computer allowing you to diagnose and resolve device problems

133
Q

Service

A

A type of application that runs in the background to achieve a specific goal or to wait for a request

134
Q

Peek

A

A windows desktop feature that allows viewing the icons behind open windows on the desktop by placing the cursor at the right edge of the taskbar

135
Q

Windows library

A

A virtual folder the presents content from different locations within the same view

136
Q

MSTSC

A

Opens a Remote Desktop connection

137
Q

Start screen

A

A customizable array of tiles found in windows 8.x designed to acces app and other info such as updates and notifications

138
Q

REGEDIT

A

Allows a user to make changes to a system registry

139
Q

Love tiles

A

Tiles that display dynamic content found in windows 8.x

140
Q

Remote assistance

A

Allows the customer to view in real time on the screen what is being repaired or upgraded on the computer

141
Q

Home group

A

Allows two or more computers running Windows 7 on your network to share printers media files and library’s

142
Q

Remote Desktop

A

Allows technicians to view and control a computer form a remote location

143
Q

Gadgets

A

Small applications such as games, sticky notes calendars that can be added to the windows seven or vista screen

144
Q

Task manager

A

Provides limited information on computer performance and ability to prioritize and terminate processes

145
Q

Event viewer

A

Logs the history of events regarding applications, security and the system

146
Q

Desktop

A

A graphical representation of the workspace containing icons, toolbars and menus to manipulate files

147
Q

Windows hyper v

A

A type 2 hyper visor found in windows 8

148
Q

Hyper visor

A

Computer software, firmware, or hardware the creates and runs virtual machines.

149
Q

MSINFO32

A

Displays a complete system summary of the computer, including hardware components and software information

150
Q

Jump list

A

A list of tasks that are unique to the application and which can be accessed by eight clicking that application icon in the taskbar

151
Q

Action center

A

A centralized location to view alerts that help keep windows running smoothly

152
Q

Hibernate

A

When documents and applications are saved to a temporary file on a hard drove

153
Q

Aero

A

Th default desktop scheme found in windows 7 and windows vista

154
Q

MMC

A

Allows you to organize management tools called snap-ins, in one location for easy administration

155
Q

Readyboost

A

Enables the os to treat an external flash device as a hard drive cache

156
Q

Control panel

A

A centralized location for the settings for many of the features that control the behavior and the appearance of the computer

157
Q

Restore point

A

Information about the system and the registry settings from a point in time prior to an action taking place

158
Q

Sidebar

A

A graphical pane on the windows vista desktop the keeps gadgets organized

159
Q

Shake

A

Windows feature desktop that allows all unused windows to be minimized or maximized by clicking the title bar of one window and shaking the mouse

160
Q

DXDIAG

A

Displays details for all directX components and drivers installed in a computer

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