chapter 1-6 Flashcards
Infant
Children from birth to approximately one year of age.
Toddler
Children from age one to age three.
Reinforcements
Positive consequences that are likely to increase positive behavior; rewards
rewards
Positive consequences that are likely to increase positive behavior; reinforcements
autonomy
Children will be able to explore and think through problem solutions and contsruct knowledge independently through their own actions
observation
A means through which children obtain information about social behavior
Preschooler
Three-, four-, and some five-year-olds who have not yet entered elementary school
Kindergarteners
Children enrolled in kindergarten classroom; usually between the ages of four-and-a-half and six years
Context of play
Interaction with peers that takes place within a play context
Dramatic play
Play that centers on the social world and includes characters, dramatic themes and a story line.
At-risk
Describes children with special needs.
Inclusion
The commitment to educate each child, to the maximum extent appropriate, in the school and classroom he or she would otherwise attend; involves bringing the support services to the child and requires only that the child will benefit from being in the class.
Assistive technology
Tools and services that help a child with disabilities engage in everyday activities.
accommodation
The means for changing the cold concepts to fit a new piece of learning.
Assimilation
An incorporation process in which new ideas and concepts are fit into old ideas or concepts.
Primary period
Children ages six through eight or in grades first through third.
Developmentally Appropriate practices (DAP)
Instructional practices that is age, individually, and culturally appropriate as defined by the NAEYC(National Association for the Education of Young Children).
Learning
behavior change that results from experience.
Operant conditioning
The idea that behavior is shaped by careful use of reinforcements(rewards) for appropriate behavior and, at the same time, by ignoring inappropriate behavior so that it is not rewarded with attention
Classical conditioning
The idea that learning takes place through the association of a stimulus and a response
Individual education plan(IEP)
a set of objectives that must be written for every special education student
Growth
a series of steps or stages a child goes through on the way to becoming an adult
Attention deficit disorder (ADD)
a condition in which most of the hyperactivity symptoms are present with or without hyperactivity
Attention
A critical aspect of perception that involves ignoring irrelevant information and finding relevant information
