chapter 1-6

Question 1

Infant

Answer 1

Children from birth to approximately one year of age.

Question 2

Toddler

Answer 2

Children from age one to age three.

Question 3

Reinforcements

Answer 3

Positive consequences that are likely to increase positive behavior; rewards

Question 4

rewards

Answer 4

Positive consequences that are likely to increase positive behavior; reinforcements

Question 5

autonomy

Answer 5

Children will be able to explore and think through problem solutions and contsruct knowledge independently through their own actions

Question 6

observation

Answer 6

A means through which children obtain information about social behavior

Question 7

Preschooler

Answer 7

Three-, four-, and some five-year-olds who have not yet entered elementary school

Question 8

Kindergarteners

Answer 8

Children enrolled in kindergarten classroom; usually between the ages of four-and-a-half and six years

Question 9

Context of play

Answer 9

Interaction with peers that takes place within a play context

Question 10

Dramatic play

Answer 10

Play that centers on the social world and includes characters, dramatic themes and a story line.

Question 11

At-risk

Answer 11

Describes children with special needs.

Question 12

Inclusion

Answer 12

The commitment to educate each child, to the maximum extent appropriate, in the school and classroom he or she would otherwise attend; involves bringing the support services to the child and requires only that the child will benefit from being in the class.

Question 13

Assistive technology

Answer 13

Tools and services that help a child with disabilities engage in everyday activities.

Question 14

accommodation

Answer 14

The means for changing the cold concepts to fit a new piece of learning.

Question 15

Assimilation

Answer 15

An incorporation process in which new ideas and concepts are fit into old ideas or concepts.

Question 16

Primary period

Answer 16

Children ages six through eight or in grades first through third.

Question 17

Developmentally Appropriate practices (DAP)

Answer 17

Instructional practices that is age, individually, and culturally appropriate as defined by the NAEYC(National Association for the Education of Young Children).

Question 18

Learning

Answer 18

behavior change that results from experience.

Question 19

Operant conditioning

Answer 19

The idea that behavior is shaped by careful use of reinforcements(rewards) for appropriate behavior and, at the same time, by ignoring inappropriate behavior so that it is not rewarded with attention

Question 20

Classical conditioning

Answer 20

The idea that learning takes place through the association of a stimulus and a response

Question 21

Individual education plan(IEP)

Answer 21

a set of objectives that must be written for every special education student

Question 22

Growth

Answer 22

a series of steps or stages a child goes through on the way to becoming an adult

Question 23

Attention deficit disorder (ADD)

Answer 23

a condition in which most of the hyperactivity symptoms are present with or without hyperactivity

Question 24

Attention

Answer 24

A critical aspect of perception that involves ignoring irrelevant information and finding relevant information

Question 25

Running/Specimen Record

Answer 25

A naturalistic observation done by an outside person that describes what the child did in a factual way and in great detail

Question 26

Portfolio

Answer 26

An ongoing record of a child that includes information collected by the teacher and the student.

Question 27

Norms

Answer 27

what most children do at a certain age.

Question 28

Scaffolding

Answer 28

a process through which an adult supports the child’s learning, providing support as the child moves from the current developmental level to a higher level

Question 29

Physical growth

Answer 29

Development of the body and its parts

Question 30

Affective growth

Answer 30

Centers on the self-concept and the development of social, emotional, and personality characteristics

Question 31

Cognitive growth

Answer 31

Centers on the mind and how the mind works as a child grows and learns

Question 32

Constructivist

Answer 32

a believer in the idea that children construct their own knowledge through interaction with the environment.

Question 33

Learning styles

Answer 33

The methods by which a child acquires knowledge.