Chapter 1 Flashcards
(65 cards)
What are the 5 main limiting factors to achieving optimal health?
- Genetics
- Physical activity patterns
- Physiology
- Mindset/Psychology
- Nutrition
Define “Metabolic”
Pertaining to the chemical reactions and physiological processes necessary to ensure life
Define “Law of Thermodynamics”
Principles that govern energy exchange, including heat exchange and the performance of work
Define “Insulin Resistance”
Condition in which normal amounts of the hormone insulin are inadequate to produce normal response from fat, muscle, and liver cells
Define “Ergogenic”
Physical or mental performance-enhancing strategies
Define “Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT)”
Nutritional advice intended to treat a variety of conditions and illnesses, the provision of which is the exclusive domain of trained and licensed nutrition professionals
Define “Metabolism”
Sum of reactions that take place to build up and break down the body
Define “homeostasis”
The body’s ability to maintain a stable and constant internal condition
Define “Protein”
Large and complex molecule consisting of amino acids (which contain nitrogen) that are essential for living cells
Define “Pathogen”
Disease-causing agent; usually bacteria, virus, or fungi
What is the Integumentary System?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and other external structures. This system protects the body from external damage.
What is the Skeletal System?
Bones, tendons, ligaments, and other structures. This system supports the body by providing a rigid structure capable of resistance and movement.
What is the Muscular System?
Skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles. These muscles are part of your arteries and veins, bladder, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and more. They produce movement, whether it’s to move you across the room, to move your blood through your vessels, or to move food through your intestines.
What is the Nervous System?
Brain as well as nervous tissues. It is responsible for electrochemical cellular communication and sends signals that trigger thought, movement, voluntary and involuntary activity
What is the Endocrine System?
Your hormonal organs and glands, including the hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, adrenal gland, testes, ovaries, and more. This system is responsible for chemical cellular communication within the body
What is the circulatory system?
Heart, blood, and blood vessels. This system transports hormones, enzymes, nutrients, and other chemicals throughout the body
What is the immune system?
Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and other similar organs. This system protects against pathogens, tumor cells, and other foreign invaders
What is the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, and other airways and has exchange organs. This system excretes carbon dioxide and brings in oxygen
What is the digestive system?
Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and the organs associated with digestion including liver, gallbladder, pancreas, etc. this system breaks down and absorbs nutrients from food and drink
What is the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and related organs and glands. This system produces, stores, and eliminates urine
What is the reproductive system?
Sex organs and glands. This system is responsible for human reproduction
Define “epithelial tissue”
Tissue composed of cellular layers that protect outer surfaces of the human body such as skin, mucosa, and intestinal lining
Define “organelle”
Component of the cell that is responsible for a specific task
Define “cytoplasm”
Fluid medium inside of the cell, but outside of the nucleus, that surrounds organelles
