Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Knapp’s Law

Axial ametropia vs Refractive ametropia (glasses or contacts?)

A

Axial: glasses
Refractive: contacts

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2
Q

Javal’s rule to compensate for lenticular astigmatism

A

Add -.50 ATR (to compensate for lenticular astig in all eyes)

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3
Q

To convert to plus cylinder put on a optical cross and write the most minus first

A

True

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4
Q

When you scope with light vertical you are scoping the 180

A

True

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5
Q

When you scope with the light horizontal you are scoping the 90

A

True

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6
Q

Accommodative demand in diopters is equal to the reciprocal of the working distance

A

True

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7
Q

Barrel distortion occurs with high myopic or hyperopic?

A

Myopic

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8
Q

AC/A ration in CE and CI

A
CE = high AC/A
CI = low AC/A
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9
Q

Basic exophoria

A

about the same phoria at far and near

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10
Q

DE (divergence excess)

A

Too exo at distance

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11
Q

DI

A

Too eso at distance

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12
Q

CE

A

Too eso at near

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13
Q

CI

A

Too exo at near

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14
Q

AC/A equation

A

= PD (cm) + working distance (M)(near phoria-distance phoria) eso is (-) and exo is (+)

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15
Q

Formula for accommodative amplitude for age

A

= 18.5 - (.3)age

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16
Q

Adding plus makes the eyes more eso or exo?

17
Q

Pseudo CI

A

Just need plus lenses. Its an accomm issue not a vergence issue

18
Q

Sheard’s criterion for prism

A

= 2/3 (phoria) - 1/3(vergence)

19
Q

Flipper tests what?

A

Accommodative facility
normal (for age 13-3-) is 8 cycles per minute binocular
and 12 cycles per minute monocular

20
Q

PRA test add minus and it stimulates accommodation and tests ____________

A

divergence (negative fusional vergence)

21
Q

NRA test add plus and it relaxes accommodation and tests _____________

A

convergence (positive fusional vergence)

22
Q

Anytime you have a sudden onset vertical diplopia think of what muscle problem

A

Superior oblique palsy

23
Q

Percival’s criterior

A

Prism = 1/3(greater vergence) - 2/3(lesser vergence)

24
Q

Negative fusional vergence is

A

divergence

25
Positive fusional vergence is
convergence
26
Sherrington's Law
For every EOM that is innervated, there is an EOM of the same eye that is inhibited
27
Herring's Law
Equal innervation
28
COWS
In healthy person nystagmus is induced by cold opposite, warm same
29
Worth 4 Dot test
Sees 4 dots = normal 5 dots = strabismus 2 dots = left eye suppression 3 dots = right eye suppression
30
On Von Grarfe vertical phoria testing how would you write it if the result is 2 BU over left eye?
2 prism diopters RHP (the patient has Left hypophoria but you always record the hyperphoria so it's a right hyperphoria)
31
Negative relative accommodation is adding what lenses to eye for patient to clear?
Plus
32
Positive relative accommodation is adding what lenses to the eye for patient to clear?
Minus
33
DEM test
Developmental eye movement test. Tests saccades.
34
When given NRA and PRA and asked to find the add...
...add them and divide by 2