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Episclera/Sclera/Uvea > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What confirms the diagnosis of anterior uveitis?

A

WBC’s in the anterior chamber

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2
Q

Uveitis is caused by the breakdown of…

A

The blood aqueous barrier (think tight junctions in 3 places…CB, Schelmm’s canal and iris vessels)

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3
Q

The tight junctions are where in the AC?

A

CB, iris vessels, Schelmm’s canal

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4
Q

What is posterior synechiae?

A

Iris sticking to lens

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5
Q

What is peripheral anterior synechiae?

A

Iris sticking to TM

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6
Q

What drug used for Uveitis?

A

Use Pred Forte steroid every hour or Durasol QID

to decrease fatness and stickiness of iris

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7
Q

What do you use to treat cystoid macula edema (cme)?

A

Pred Forte AND an NSAID

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8
Q

What are key differences b/w episcleritis and scleritis

A

Scleritis is more painful, bilateral, associated with systemic condition, bluish, gradual onset

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9
Q

What blanches episcleritis (to make dx that it is NOT scleritis)?

A

2.5% phenylephrine. If doesn’t work use 10%

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10
Q

To make a diagnosis of uveitis there must be _____ in the anterior chamber.

A

White blood cells

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11
Q

Keratic precipitates (KP’s) are the most common corneal finding in ________.

A

Uveitis

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12
Q

Stellate KP’s are observed in what 2 conditions?

A

Fuch’s heterochromic iridocyclitis (more common) and herpetic uveitis.

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13
Q

3 things to look for in Uveitis

A
  1. peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) on TM
  2. Posterior synechiae (on lens)
  3. CME
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14
Q

Most common type of scleritis is

a. diffuse non-necrotizing
b. nodular non-necrotizing
c. necrotizing with inflammation
d. necrotizing without inflammation (scleromalacia perforans)

A

A.

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15
Q

Necrotizing scleritis without inflammation is also called:

A

Scleromalacia perforans (they have RA)

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16
Q

What auto-immune disease does a patient with sleromalacia perforans have?

A

RA

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17
Q

Granulomatous KP’s or mutton fat KP’s are…

A

macrophages

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18
Q

Most common type of Uveitis is non _______

A

granulomatous

19
Q

Most common cause of non-granulomatous uveitis

A

Idiopathic 50-70%

20
Q

Three other causes of non-granulomatous uveitis are:

A
  1. Ankyl. spon (back pain)
  2. RA (urination pain)
  3. inflammatory bowel disease
21
Q

Chronic granulomatous

A

Sarcoid, TB, syphilis (Arlt’s triangle is the botton triangular shaped area where they form. They are sticky and attach to the bad surface of the cornea)

22
Q

1 most common systemic disease associated with acute anterior uveitis

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

23
Q

1 symptom patient’s complain of in TB

A

night sweats

24
Q

Most common cause of posterior uveitis

A

Toxoplasmosis, unilateral, (vitritis)

25
Q

Leading cause of scleritis

A

Arthritis (called scleromalacia perfoans)

26
Q

If they show a photo of a granulomatous KP on the test…you would order what test for this patient?

A

Chest x-ray (suspect sarcoidosis or tb)

27
Q

Anky spond order what test?

A

Sacroiliac x-ray

28
Q

What do you Rx with uveitis?

A

Pred forte Q1hr and homatropine 5%BID (or Furezol QID instead of pred forte)

29
Q

Scleritis tx

A

ORALS (not topicals due thinning)

Oral NSAID, Oral steroids (prednisone QD)

30
Q

Do you give topical steroids to scleritis?

A

No due to corneal thinning

31
Q

Mr. Fabry Whorl’s his Chai-t

A 
Fabry's disease cause whorl keratopathy and
meds that cause whorl keratopathy:
C hlorquine
H ydroxycloroquine
A mniodirone
I ndometicine
T imoxifin
32
Q

Episcleritis with 3+ hyperemia treat with…

A

soft steroid like Lotemax and artificial tears

33
Q

Do you Rx steroids for Addison’s?

A

Yes you need to ADD steroids to Addisons. Cushing’s disease has a “cushing of steroids”

34
Q

Ocular albinism symptoms

A

photophobia, deafness,

35
Q

Ocular albinism signs

A

transillumination of iris, foveal hypoplasia (under-developed fovea), deafness, nystagmus, strabismus, high myopia

36
Q

Why do albinism patient’s get nystagmus?

A

under-developed fovea is “searching” for objects

37
Q

Were is melanin produced?

A

In a cell called melanocyte

38
Q

What is inside the melanocyte that pumps out melanin cells?

A

melanosomes

39
Q

What do you worry about happening in ectropian uveae

A

angle closure glaucoma

40
Q

What drugs can cause the scleral to turn blue?

A
  1. minocycline

2. topical steroids, oral corticosteroids

41
Q

Iritic =

A

Inflammation of iris = ant. uveitis

42
Q

Iridocyclitis =

A

Inflammation of iris and CB

43
Q

Ectropian uveae

A

eversion of the pigmented posterior epithelium of the iris at the pupillary margin. Worry about angle closure glaucoma

Episclera/Sclera/Uvea (3 decks)

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