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UoP: A&P I > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Division of the anterior (Ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

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2
Q

Anabolism

A

Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

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3
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

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4
Q

Anatomy

A

Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

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5
Q

Anterior Cavity

A

The larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membranelined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also refered to as ventral cavity

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6
Q

Anterior

A

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also refered to as ventral

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7
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

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8
Q

Caudal

A

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior

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9
Q

Cell

A

Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

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10
Q

Control Center

A

Compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector

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11
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain

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12
Q

Cranial

A

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referes to as superior

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13
Q

Deep

A

Describes a position farther from the surface of the body

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14
Q

Development

A

Changes an organism goes through during its life

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15
Q

Differentiation

A

Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

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16
Q

Distal

A

Describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

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17
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; aslo referred to the posterior body cavity

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18
Q

Dorsal

A

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior

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19
Q

Effector

A

Organ that can cause a change in a value

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20
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

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21
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy

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22
Q

Growth

A

Process of increasing in size

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23
Q

Homeostasis

A

Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

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24
Q

Lateral

A

Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

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25
Q

Inferior

A

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal

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26
Q

Medial

A

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

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27
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all the bodys chemical reasctions

28
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Study of very small structures of the body using magnification

29
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the bodys physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

30
Q

Normal Range

A

Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center

31
Q

Nutrient

A

Chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival

32
Q

Organ System

A

Group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

33
Q

Organism

A

Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

34
Q

Organ

A

Functinally disctinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues

35
Q

Pericardium

A

Sac that encloses the heart

36
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane that lines the adbominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there

37
Q

Physiology

A

Science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body’s functions

38
Q

Plane

A

Imagianary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body

39
Q

Pleura

A

Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

40
Q

Positive feedback

A

mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus

41
Q

Posterior Cavity

A

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity

42
Q

Posterior

A

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal

43
Q

Pressure

A

Force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance

44
Q

Prone

A

Face down

45
Q

Proximal

A

Describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

46
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

47
Q

Renewal

A

Process by which worn-out cells are replaced

48
Q

Reproduction

A

Process by which new organisms are generated

49
Q

Responsiveness

A

Ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in condition

50
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

51
Q

Section

A

In anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through

52
Q

Sensor

A

(also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

53
Q

Serosa

A

Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane

54
Q

Serous membrane

A

Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa

55
Q

Set point

A

Ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostais

56
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity

57
Q

Superficial

A

Describes a position nearer to the surface of the body

58
Q

Superior

A

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial

59
Q

Supine

A

Face up

60
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems

61
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea

62
Q

Tissue

A

group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

63
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Two-dimesional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ inti superior and inferior portions

64
Q

Vental Cavity

A

Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavoty for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity

65
Q

Ventral

A

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior

UoP: A&P I (1 decks)

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