Chapter 1 Flashcards
(36 cards)
When Tara saw the lush green lawn, it reminded her of just how dry
the lawn had been the previous year. Among the four laws of association,
this is best described as an example of the law of____ .
Contrast
Deanna often gets lost when she drives around the city that she lives in.
Tolman would say that she has a faulty ______.
Cognitive Map
When Janelle first saw a video of the pop singer Britney Spears, she
immediately thought back to an old video she had seen of Paula
Abdul, because the two performers seemed to have a common style of
performance. Among the four laws of association, this is best described
as an example of the law of _______
Similarity
Jordan once became terribly ill while visiting Chicago. As a result,
whenever he visits Chicago, he thinks of the illness he suffered at that
time. Among the four laws of association, this is best described as an
example of the law of _________
Contiguity
After struggling unsuccessfully to completely eliminate his test anxiety,
Andres finally accepts that there are some aspects of himself that he can
control and some that he cannot. This conclusion is similar to that of
the French philosopher _______ and his theory of ________dualism.
French philosopher Descartes and his theory of Mind-Body dualism.
In trying to understand her feelings for Juan, Alisha pays close attention
to the sensations she feels each time she sees him. This is an example of
the method of ______. This was a favorite method of research by
psychologists who adhered to the approach known as ______.
Method of instrospection
Approach known as structuralism
Hull’s theory is a (molar/molecular) type of theory,
whereas Tolman’s theory is a ____ type.
Hull - molecular
Tolman - molar
When Anastasia once visited Vancouver, it rained every day for a month.
As a result, whenever she is trapped in a rainstorm, it reminds her of her
trip to Vancouver. Among the four laws of association, this is best
described as an example of the law of ________
Frequency
The law of _____ is the proposition that simpler explanations
are usually preferable explanations
Parsimony
“My cat never gets lost. It’s like she has a blueprint in her mind of the
exact layout of the entire town.” This statement fits best with (name
the behaviorist) _______’s brand of behaviorism, known
as ______.
Tolman’s
Known as cognitive/purposive behaviorism
“Babies know nothing,” Kristie pronounced when her sister commented
on how intelligent her new baby seemed to be. Kristie obviously
believes that the mind of a newborn is a ______ slate (or, in
Latin, _______), a notion that was promoted by a group of
philosophers known as the ________.
Blank slate
Tabula rasa
Empiricists
Although Roberta just sits there throughout the lecture, she can afterward
repeat everything the professor said. This is an example
of _____ learning, which illustrates the distinction between
learning and ________.
latent learning
distinction between learning and performance
Ava tells her friend Trish that she believes that her husband kept yawning during their anniversary dinner because he was subconsciously
trying to punish her for having become pregnant. Trish tells Ava to quit being paranoid and that he was probably just tired. Conway Lloyd Morgan would have leaned toward accepting (Ava/Trish)’s explanation as more likely correct.
Trish (parsimony)
Recall the opening vignette to the chapter where, after making love, one
behaviorist comments, “That was fine for you, how was it for me?” This
joke is most descriptive of which school of behaviorism?
Methodological behaviorism
Shira emphasizes environmental explanations for behavior and believes
that thoughts and feelings should be regarded as private behaviors that also need to be explained.
As such, she is most likely a _____ behaviorist.
To the extent that Shira also conducts research into basic
principles of behavior, she can be called a(n) ______.
To the extent that she applies such principles to developing better methods for
coaching basketball, she can be called a(n) ______.
Radical
Behavior analyst
Applied behavior analyst
Aristotle was a(n) (nativist/empiricist) , whereas Plato was a(n) \_\_\_\_\_.
Aristotle - nativist
Plato - empiricist
Learning is a relatively _____ change in behavior that results from some type of ________.
permanent change resulting from some type of experience
When I haven’t eaten for several hours, I feel a strong sense of hunger
and therefore walk quickly as I head to the cafeteria. This statement fits
best with (name the behaviorist) _______’s brand of behaviorism,
known as _______.
Hull’s neobehaviorism (notice the attention to the intervening variable)
Neal was recently stung by a wasp and is now quite fearful of wasps.
This is best seen as an example of _______ conditioning.
classical
John’s therapist tells him that, although she cares about what he feels, she is more interested in what he did and in the circumstances that
affected both his behavior and his feelings. This therapist’s approach
fits best with _____’s brand of behaviorism, known
as _____.
Skinner’s radical behaviorism
Descartes believed that the behavior of (animals/humans/both)
is entirely reflexive.
animals
Mandy found a five-dollar bill when she took out the trash one day. As
a result, she now often volunteers to take out the trash. This is an example
of _____ conditioning.
operant
A middleman in a business transaction is analogous to what Tolman and
Hull referred to as a(n) _______ variable.
intervening
As originally defined by Watson, behaviorism is a ______
approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of _______
influences ______ on behavior.
behaviorism is a natural science
emphasizes the study of environmental influences on observable behavior
