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Anatomy and physiology 1 > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the structure of the body parts and their relationships to one another.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

what are the types of anatomy?

A
  • gross or microscopic
  • microscopic
  • Developmental
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3
Q

Anatomy= the study of the ____ of the body parts and their____ to one another.

A

Structure, relationship

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4
Q

the study of the function of the body’s structural machinery.

A

Physiology

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5
Q

the branch of anatomy that deals with the structure of organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye.

A

Gross anatomy

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6
Q

name the types of gross anatomy

A
  • regional
  • Systemic
  • surface
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7
Q

all the structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen)

A

regional

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8
Q

gross anatomy of the body studied by system?

A

systemic

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9
Q

study of the internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin.

A

Surface

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10
Q

muscle that is deep compare with skin that is covering it, is?

A

surface

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11
Q

physiology= the study of the ____ of the body’s structural _____

A

function, machinery

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12
Q

upper limb and lower limb is what type of anatomy?

A

Gross anatomy, regional

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13
Q

between shoulder and elbow

A

arm

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14
Q

between elbow and rist

A

forearm

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15
Q

between hips and foot

A

lower limb

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16
Q

between hips and knee

A

thigh

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17
Q

between knee and ankle

A

leg

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18
Q

The study of the structure of cells, tissues, and organs of the body that cant be seen with the naked eye.

A

microscopic anatomy

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19
Q

types of microscopic anatomy

A
  • cytology

* Histology

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20
Q

the study of cells

A

cytology

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21
Q

the study of tissues

A

Histology

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22
Q

cytology

A

the study of cells

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23
Q

Histology

A

the study of tissues

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24
Q

The study of the structural changes of an individual from fertilization to adulthood.

A

Developmental anatomy

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25
Q

types of developmental anatomy

A
  • traces

* embryology

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26
Q

structural changes through life

A

traces

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27
Q

study of development changes of the body before birth

A

embryology

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28
Q

kidney function

A

renal

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29
Q

workings of the nervous system

A

neurophysiology

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30
Q

operation of the heart and blood vessels

A

cardiovascular

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31
Q

______ focuses on the function of the body, often at the cellular or molecular level.

A

physiology

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32
Q

physiology focuses on the ___ of the body, often at the ____ or ___ level.

A

function, cellular, molecular

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33
Q

what are the principle of complementarity ?

A

EVERYTHING THAT HAS A SHAPE IT HAS A FUNCTION.

  • Function always reflects structure.
  • what a structure can do depends on its specific form
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34
Q

what are the levels of structural organization?

A
  • chemical
  • cellular
  • tissues
  • organs
  • organ system
  • organismal
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35
Q

atoms combined to form molecules

A

chemical

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36
Q

cells are made of molecules

A

cellular

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37
Q

consist of similar types of cells

A

tissues

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38
Q

made up of different types of tissues

A

organs

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39
Q

consist of different organs that work closely together

A

organ system

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40
Q

made up of the organ system

A

organismal

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41
Q

___ combined together for molecules

A

atoms

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42
Q

___ are made of molecules

A

cells

43
Q

atoms combined to form

A

molecules

44
Q

what organization is the most simplest

A

chemical

45
Q

what organization is the most complex

A

organismal

46
Q

name the organization from simplest to most complex

A 
chemical
cellular
tissues 
organs 
organ system
organismal
47
Q

what are the necessary life functions?

A
  • maintaining boundaries
  • movement
  • Responsiveness
  • Digestion
  • metabolism
  • excretion
  • reproduction
  • growth
48
Q

the internal environment remains distinct from the external.

A

maintaining boundaries

49
Q

what are the types of ways to maintain boundaries

A
  • Cellular level

* organismal level

50
Q

accomplished by protecting the plasma membrane

A

cellular level

51
Q

accomplished by protecting the skin

A

organismal level

52
Q

locomotion, propulsion( peristalsis ) and contraction

A

movement

53
Q

ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them ( nerves system)

A

responsiveness

54
Q

breakdown of ingested food stuffs

A

digestion

55
Q

all the chemical reactions that occur in the body

A

metabolism

56
Q

removal of wastes from the body

A

excretion

57
Q

an original cell divides and produces two identical daughter cells

A

reproduction in cellular level?

58
Q

sperms and eggs unite to make a whole new sperm.

A

reproduction in the organismal level ?

59
Q

increase in size of the body or of the organism

A

growth

60
Q

what are the survival needs?

A
  • nutrition
  • oxygen
  • water
  • maintaining normal body temperature
  • atmospheric pressure
61
Q

chemical substance used for energy and cell building

A

nutrition

62
Q

need for metabolic reactions

A

oxygen

63
Q

provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions.

A

water

64
Q

necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life- sustaining rate.

A

maintaining normal body temperature

65
Q

required for proper breathing and gas in the lungs

A

atmospheric pressure

66
Q

the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment on an ever- changing outside world.

A

Homeostasis

67
Q

the internal environment of the body is in a dynamic state of ____

A

equilibrium

68
Q

what interacts together to maintain homeostasis

A

chemical, thermal, neural factors

69
Q

the ____ produces a change in the body

A

variable

70
Q

All ________ have at least three interdependent components for the variable being regulated.

A

homeostatic control mechanisms

71
Q

what are the three interdependent components of control mechanisms?

A
  • receptor
  • control center
  • effector
72
Q

_____ monitors the environments and responds to changes ( stimuli)

A

Receptor

73
Q

_____ determines the set point at which the variable is maintained

A

control center

74
Q

_____ provides the means to respond to the stimulus

A

effector

75
Q

what are the anatomical positions

A
  • body erect
  • feet slightly apart
  • palms facing forward
  • thumbs point away from body
76
Q

____ and _____ = toward and away from the head, respectively

A

superior, inferior

77
Q

____ and ____= toward the front and back of the body.

A

Anterior, posterior

78
Q

____, ____ and _____= towards the midline, away from the midline and between a more medial and lateral structure

A

Medial, Lateral , intermediate.

79
Q

superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, and intermediate are all

A

directional terms

80
Q

_____ and ____ = closer to and farther from the origin of the body

A

proximal, distal

81
Q

____ and ____ = towards and away from the body surface

A

superficial , deep

82
Q

what are the body planes

A

sagittal, midsagittal or medial, frontal or coronal, transverse or horizontal and oblique section .

83
Q

_____ divides the body into right and left parts

A

sagittal

84
Q

sagittal plane that lies in the middle

A

midsaggital or medial

85
Q

_____ divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

A

frontal or coronal

86
Q

_____ divides the body into superior and inferior parts

A

Transverse or horizontal

87
Q

_____ cuts made diagonally

A

oblique section

88
Q

____ houses and protects the organ

A

body cavity

89
Q

name the body cavities

A

dorsal cavity and ventral cavity

90
Q

____ protects the nervous system and is divided into two subdivisions

A

dorsal cavity

91
Q

______ houses internal organs and is divided into two subdivisions_____ and ______

A

ventral cavity, thoracic, abdomopelvic

92
Q

dorsal cavity is divided into two subdivision , these are _______ and ______

A

cranial cavity, vertebral cavity

93
Q

_____ is subdivided into pleural cavity, the mediastinum and the pericardial cavity

A

thoracic cavity

94
Q

each houses a lung

A

pleural cavities

95
Q

_____ contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs

A

mediastinum

96
Q

encloses the heart

A

pericardial cavity

97
Q

______ is separated from the superior thoracic cavity by the dome shaped diaphragm

A

the abdominopelvic

98
Q

what are the two subdivision of abdominopelvic cavity?

A
  • abdominal cavity

* pelvic cavity

99
Q

_____ contain the stomach, intestine, spleen, liver and other organs

A

abdominal cavity

100
Q

_____ lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs and rectum

A

pelvic cavity

101
Q

name the ventral body cavity membranes

A
  • parietal serosa
  • visceral serosa
  • serous fluis
102
Q

between the parietal and visceral serosa is the

A

serous fluid

103
Q

______ separates the serosae

A

serous fluid

Anatomy and physiology 1 (1 decks)

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