Chapter 1 Flashcards
anatomy
The study of the structure of body parts in their relationship to one another
Gross anatomy
Can be seen with the naked eye
Microscopic anatomy
Structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye
Developmental anatomy
Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the lifetime
Physiology
The study of the function of the body
Gross anatomy
Has three subdivisions
Region anatomy
All structures in that particular region of the body
Systemic anatomy
Parts are studied by body system
Surface anatomy
Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin
Microscopic anatomy
Has two divisions
Cytology
The study of cells
Histology
The study of tissue
Developmental anatomy
Embryology which is the study of developmental changes of the body before birth
Pathological anatomy
The study of structural changes caused by disease
Radiographic anatomy
The study of internal structures visualize by specialist getting procedures such as x-rays MRI and CT scans
molecular biology
The study of anatomical structures at subcellular level
Levels of structural organization
Chemical: which is the atoms that combine to form molecules
cellular cells: are made of molecules
Tissue:consist of similar types of cells
Organ: which is made up of different types of tissues
Organ systems consist of different organs that work closely together
Organismal made up of the organ systems
Organ systems
- Organ systems work cooperatively to perform necessary life functions
- Depend on organ systems to meet their survival needs.
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite continuous outside changes
A dynamic state of equilibrium
Homeostatic control mechanism
- Involves continuous monitoring and regulation of many factors
- Nervous and endocrine systems accomplish the communication via nerve impulses and hormones
Receptor/sensor
monitors the environment
Response to stimuli/changes and controlled variables
Control center
Determined to set point at which the variable is maintained
Receives input from receptor
Determines appropriate response
Effector
Receives output from control center
provides the means to respond
Response acts to reduce or enhance the stimulus feedback
Negative feedback
Their response reduces or shut off the original stimulus
examples/
regulation of body temperature
regulation of blood volume by ADH
Positive feedback
The response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
Homeostatic imbalance
Disturbance of homeostasis:
- Increases risk of disease
- Contributes to changes associated with aging
