Chapter 1

Question 1

Healthy People initiatives

Answer 1

Premise that individual health is closely related to health in the community
United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
Strategy intended to eliminate preventable disease, achieve health equity, create environments that promote health, and promote healthy development and behaviors at every age

Question 2

Evidence-Based Practice

Answer 2

Integrates best available evidence, nursing expertise, and preferences and values of individuals, families and communities
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

Question 3

Health

Answer 3

The absence of disease

Question 4

Wellness

Answer 4

A state of life that is balanced, personally satisfying, and characterized by the ability to adapt and participate in activities that enhance quality of life

Question 5

Health (WHO Definition)

Answer 5

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Question 6

Roy and Andrews definition of health

Answer 6

A process and state of being and becoming whole and integrated in a way that reflects person and environment mutuality

Question 7

Orem definition of health

Answer 7

A state of a person as characterized by soundness or wholeness of developed human structures and mental and bodily functioning that requires therapeutic self-care

Question 8

Leininger definition of health

Answer 8

A culturally defined, valued, and practiced state of well-being reflective of the ability to perform role activities

Question 9

Nightingale definition of health

Answer 9

A state of well-being and use of every power the person possesses to the fullest extent

Question 10

Health Assessment

Answer 10

A systematic method of collecting data about a patient

Scope of focus must be more than problems presented by patient.

Question 11

The Interview

Answer 11

Subjective data gathered
Primary and secondary sources
Information that the patient experiences and communicates to the nurse

Question 12

The Health History

Answer 12

Purpose of obtaining information about the patient’s health in his or her own words and based on their perceptions
Provides cues regarding patient’s health and guides further data collection
Most important aspect of data collection process

Question 13

The Focused Interview

Answer 13

Enables nurse to clarify points, obtain missing information, and follow up on verbal and nonverbal cues
Nurse applies knowledge and critical thinking when asking specific and detailed questions related to symptoms, feelings, or events.

Question 14

Physical Assessment

Answer 14

Hands-on examination of the patient
Objective data
Observed or measured by the professional nurse
Can be constant or variable

Question 15

Documentation

Answer 15

Essential to consistency in health care
Used to communicate information between and among health professionals. Must be accurate and consistent (language)
Patient record: Legal document used to plan care, monitor care quality
HIPPA states that documents must be confidential
Contains narrative notes (words, paragraphs) and can be charted by SOAP or ADPIE.

Question 16

Holistic approach

Answer 16

Considering more than the physiologic health status of a patient
All factors that impact a patient’s well-being

Question 17

Interpretation of findings

Answer 17

Developmental factors (Age, Intellect, Developmental tasks or handicaps)
Psychologic and emotional factors (Anxiety, Self-esteem, Depression, Grieving)
Cultural factors (Language, Expression, Emotional and physical well-being, Health practices)
Internal factors (reaction to medication, emotional state)
External factors (toxins, inhalants)

Question 18

Assessment

Answer 18

The collection, organization, and validation of subjective and objective data
Begins when nurse first meets patient

Question 19

Diagnosis

Answer 19

Use of critical thinking and application of knowledge from the sciences and other disciplines to analyze and synthesize data
Composed of four components: (Diagnostic label, Definition, Defining characteristics, Risks or related factors)
If problem is actual, three-part statement; if a risk, two-part

Question 20

Planning

Answer 20

Priority setting
Stating patient goals or outcomes
Selecting nursing interventions

Question 21

Implementation

Answer 21

Putting the nursing interventions into action

Promotes patient’s achievement of goals or outcomes

Question 22

Evaluation

Answer 22

Comparing the patient status to the stated goals or outcomes

A single nursing diagnosis may generate more than one patient goal.

Question 23

Critical Thinking

Answer 23

Process of purposeful and creative thinking about resolutions of problems or the development of ways to manage solutions
Cognitive skill
Enables nurse to make judgments about patient care based on careful collection and interpretation of patient data

Question 24

Collection of Information

Answer 24

Identifying assumptions
Organizing data collection
Determining reliability of data
Identifying relevant versus irrelevant data
Identifying inconsistencies in data

Question 25

Analysis of the Situation

Answer 25

Distinguishing data as normal or abnormal
Clustering related data
Identifying patterns in data
Identifying missing information
Drawing valid conclusions

Question 26

Generation of Alternatives

Answer 26

Articulating options

Establishing priorities

Question 27

Selection of Alternatives

Answer 27

Developing outcomes
Developing plans
Includes all actions required by patient independently or in coordination with healthcare professionals to achieve outcomes

Question 28

Role of the Professional Nurse

Answer 28

Teacher
Caregiver
Patient advocate
Manager of patient care
Each situation requires critical thinking and the nursing process.

Question 29

Teacher

Answer 29

Acquires knowledge required for health maintenance or improvement
Prevents illness or injury
Manages therapies
Makes decisions about health and treatment
Informal teaching: Occurs as a natural part of the encounter
To provide instructions, explain a question or procedure, or reduce anxiety
Formal teaching: Occurs in response to teaching plans for an identified learning need of an individual, a group, or a community