Chapter 1

Question 1

What is chemical level?

Answer 1

The simplest level of the structural hierarchy

Question 2

What is tissue level

Answer 2

Simplest living creatures are single cells, but in complex organisms such as human beings, the hierarchy continues in to the tissue level

Question 3

What is Organ Level

Answer 3

Extremely complex functions become possible

Question 4

What are organ system level

Answer 4

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose make up an organ system

Question 5

What is an organismal level?

Answer 5

Represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive

Question 6

What is maintaining boundaries?

Answer 6

Every living organism must maintain its boundaries so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment

Question 7

What does movement include?

Answer 7

Movement includes the activity promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another by running or swimming, and manipulating the external environment with our nible fingers

Question 8

What is responsiveness?

Answer 8

Responsiveness/excitability, is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them

Question 9

What is digestion?

Answer 9

The breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the body

Question 10

What is metabolism?

Answer 10

A broad term that indicated all chemical reactions that occur within body cells

Question 11

What is excretion?

Answer 11

The process of removing wastes, or excreta from the body

Question 12

What is reproduction in terms of necessary life functions

Answer 12

Occurs at the cellular and the organismal level

Question 13

What is growth?

Answer 13

An increase in size of a body part or the organism as a whole

Question 14

What are survival needs?

Answer 14

Ultimate goal of body systems is to maintain life

Question 15

What are nutrients

Answer 15

Taken in via diet, contain the chemical substances used for energy and cell building

Question 16

What is oxygen?

Answer 16

Nutrients are useless unless oxygen is also available

Question 17

What is water?

Answer 17

Water accounts for 60% - 80% of our body weight and is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body

Question 18

What is normal body temperature?

Answer 18

Continue at life sustaining rates, normal body temperature must be maintained

Question 19

What is appropriate atmospheric pressure?

Answer 19

Atmospheric pressure is the force that air exerts on the surface of the body

Question 20

What is the variable of homeostatic control?

Answer 20

All homeostatic control mechanisms are processes

Question 21

What is the receptor in homeostatic control?

Answer 21

Some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes called stimuli m, by sending information, second component is the control centre

Question 22

What is the control centre in homeostatic control?

Answer 22

Determines set point which is the level or the range at which a variable is to be maintained

Question 23

What is the effector in homeostatic control?

Answer 23

Provides the means for the control centre’s response (output) to the stimulus

Question 24

What is negative feedback mechanism?

Answer 24

Negative feedback mechanisms, the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity

Question 25

What is positive feedback mechanisms?

Answer 25

Response enhances the original stimulus so the the response is accelerated

Question 26

What is blood clotting a normal response of?

Answer 26

A break in the wall of a blood vessel and is an excellent example of an important body function controlled by positive feedback

Question 27

What is homeostatic imbalance?

Answer 27

Body’s control system becomes less efficient, and our internal environment becomes less and less stable

Question 28

What is the source of homeostatic imbalance?

Answer 28

Occurs when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over - heart failure reflects this

Question 29

What is an anatomical position?

Answer 29

Body is erect with feet slightly apart

Essential to understand anatomical position because most of the directional terms are used

Question 30

What is directional terms?

Answer 30

Explain where one body structure is in relation to another

Question 31

What is axial part?

Answer 31

Makes up the main axis of our body, includes the head, Bec and trunk

Question 32

What is appendicular part?

Answer 32

Consists of the appendages or limbs which are attached to the body’s axis

Question 33

What are regional terms?

Answer 33

Used to designated specific areas within the major body divisions

Question 34

What is anatomical variability?

Answer 34

Common directional and regional terms to refer to all human bodies, you know from observing faces and body shapes of people around you that we humans differ in our external anatomy

Question 35

What is the Dorsal body cavity?

Answer 35

Protects fragile nervous system organs, has two sub-divisions

Question 36

What is the cranial cavity?

Answer 36

In the skull, encases the brain

Question 37

What is the vertebral/spinal cavity?

Answer 37

Runs within the bony vertebral column, enclosed the delicate spinal cord

Question 38

What is the ventral body cavity?

Answer 38

The more anterior and large of the closed body cavities is the central body cavities