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PHED403: Cardiac Rehab > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A muscular double pump consists of…

A
  1. Pulmonary Circuit

2. Systemic Circuit

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2
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Takes blood to and from the lungs. On the right side

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3
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

Vessels transport blood to and from body tissues. On the left side. Has greater resistance

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4
Q

3 Functions of the heart…

A
  1. Generate blood pressure
  2. Generates blood supply
  3. Oxygen and nutrient delivery
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5
Q

The position of the heart is…

A
  1. Anterior to the thoracic vertebrae
  2. Poster 2/3 to the sternum
  3. Laterally borders the lungs
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6
Q

The position of the apex is…

A

To the left of the midline

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7
Q

The superior chambers are…

A

The right and left atria

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8
Q

The inferior chambers are…

A

The right and left ventricles

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9
Q

The left ventricle is…

A

3x thicker than the right ventricle

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10
Q

Coronary sulcus’ are…

A

grooves

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11
Q

The left/right auricles are…

A

small muscular appendages of each atrium

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12
Q

The 4 valves are…

A 
2 atrioventricular (A-V) valves
2 semilunar valves
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13
Q

The 2 atrioventricular (A-V) valves consists of…

A
  1. Right A-V or tricuspid valve

2. Left A-V or bicuspid valve

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14
Q

The 2 semilunar valves consists of…

A
  1. Left semilunar or pulmonic valves

2. Right semilunar or aortic valve

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15
Q

The pericardium is…

A

the two primary layers (double walled sac)

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16
Q

The pericardium consists of two layers:

A
  1. Fibrous layer pericardium

2. Serous layer pericardium

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17
Q

Fibrous layer pericardium is…

A

strong, outer most layer of connective tissue

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18
Q

The serous pericardium forms two layers:

A
  1. Parietal pericardium

2. Visceral pericardium

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19
Q

Parietal pericardium is…

A

outer lines of the fibrous pericardium

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20
Q

Visceral pericardium is…

A

inner lines, covers the heart tissue

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21
Q

Epicardium

A

Visceral (thin, smooth) layer of the serous pericardium

- Outermost

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22
Q

Myocardium

A

consists of cardiac muscle.

Middle, largest layer

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23
Q

Endocardium

A

Endothelium on connective tissue
Innermost layer
Prevents leakage into other layers

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24
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue forms…

A

a thick layer called myocardium

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25
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are…

A

cardiomyocytes

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26
Q

Cells join at…

A

Intercalated discs

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27
Q

Intercalated discs:

A

complex junctions; forms cellular networks, cells are joined laterally end to end

28
Q

Gap junctions:

A

Responsible for electrical impulses of cells

29
Q

Desmosomes

A

Keeps cells together during contraction

30
Q

Right Atrium:

A

Forms right border of the heart, receives blood from systemic circuit

31
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

Depression in interatrial septum. Remnant of foramen ovale

32
Q

Tricuspid Valve:

A

3 cusp valves; prevents back flow to the right atrium during systole

33
Q

Right ventricle:

A

receives blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve, pumps into the pulmonary circuit, and contains internal walls

34
Q

3 internal walls of the right ventricle:

A
  1. trabeculae carnae
  2. papillary muscle
  3. chordae tendineae
35
Q

Trabeculae carnae:

A

Makes sure valves are working the correct way

36
Q

Papillary muscle

A

Anchors chordae tendineae

37
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

Chords connect to tri/bicuspid to keep valves shut

38
Q

Pulmonic valve:

A

prevents back flow into ventricle during systole

39
Q

The right chamber include:

A

Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve

40
Q

The left chambers includes:

A

Left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valce

41
Q

Left atrium:

A

Hearts posterior
Receives oxygen rich blood
Opens into the left ventricle via the mitral valve

42
Q

Mitral valve:

A

Left A-V valve

prevents back flow into the left atrium during systole

43
Q

Left ventricle

A

Forms apex

pumps blood thru systemic circuit via the aortic semilunar valve (aortic valve)

44
Q

Pulmonary veins are…

A

always anterior to pulmonary arteries

45
Q

Pulmonary veins are…

A

inferior and doubles

46
Q

Pulmonary arteries are…

A

singular, above

47
Q

The heart receives no nourishment….

A

from blood contained in chamber

48
Q

Right coronary artery

A

supplies right atrium and both ventricles

has 2 major branches

49
Q

2 major branches of the right coronary artery:

A
  1. Marginal Artery

2. Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)

50
Q

Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)

A

supples the bottom portion of both ventricles and the posterior septum

51
Q

Left coronary artery:

A

Has two major branches

52
Q

2 major branches of the left coronary artery

A
  1. Left circumflex Artery

2. Left anterior descending artery

53
Q

Left Circumflex Artery (LC)

A

supplies the left atrium and lateral/posterior ventricle

54
Q

Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)

A

supplies anterior and inferior left ventricle and anterior septum

55
Q

Autonomic Nervous System produces:

A

Acetyl CoA

Epinephrine

56
Q

Acetyl CoA and Epinephrine control…

A

excitability, contractility, conductivity

57
Q

Contractile cells

A

Mechanical work

58
Q

Auto-rhythmic cells

A

Initial/conduct action potentials

59
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

75 BPM

Sets pace heartbeat

60
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

A

50 BPM

Delays transmission of action potentials

61
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

30 BPM

Can act as a pacemaker

62
Q

Polarized state

A

No electrical activity

Negative ionic concentration in cell, positive outside

63
Q

Repolarization

A

Return to resting state

64
Q

Depolarization

A

Contraction state

65
Q

Muscle impulses spread rapidly between…

A

cardiac muscle cells by intercalated discs

66
Q

P=

A

cardiac depolarization

67
Q

QRS=

A

ventricular depolarization

PHED403: Cardiac Rehab (1 decks)

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