Chapter 1 Flashcards
The application of science to law describes ___________
Forensic Science
The fictional exploits of _______________ excited the imagination of an emerging generation of forensic scientists and the criminal investigators.
Television Shows
S system of personal identification using a series of body measurements was first devised by-
Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914)
Responsible for developing the first statistical study proving the uniqueness of fingerprints.
Francis Galton (1822-1922)
An Italian scientist who divided the first workable procedure for typing dried bloodstains.
Leone Lattes (1887-1954)
The comparison microscope became an indispensable tool for firearms examination through the efforts of-
Walter C. McCrone (1916-2003)
Early efforts of applying scientific principles to document examinations are associated with -
Albert S. Osborn (1858-1946)
The application of science to criminal investigation was advocated by the Austrian magistrate -
Hans Gross (1847-1915)
One of the first functional crime laboratory was formed in Lyons, France, under the direction of-
Edmond Locard (1877-1966)
The transfer of evidence that occurs when two objects come in contact with one another was a concept first advocated by the forensic scientists -
Edmond Locard (1877-1966) Locard's exchange principle
The first forensic laboratory in the untied states was created in 1923 by the ___________ Police Department.
Los Angeles
The state of _______________ is an excellent example of a geographical area in the United States that has created a system of integrated regional and satellite laboratories.
California
In the contrast to the United States, Britain’s crime laboratory system is characterized by a national system of _________ laboratories.
Regional
The increase demand for _________ analyses has been the single most important factor in the recent expansion of crime laboratory services in the United Stares.
Drug
Four important federal agencies offering forensic services are ________,_________,__________,_________
FBI, DEA, ATFE, USPS
A decentralized system of crime laboratories currently exists in the United States under the auspices of various governmental agencies at the _________,__________,_________,________ levels of government.
Federal, State, Count and Municipal
The application of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime-scene evidence is the function of the __________________ unit of a crime laboratory.
Physical Science
The examination of blood, hair, fibers, and botanical materials is conducted in the ___________ unit of a crime laboratory.
Biology
The examination of bullets, cartridges cases, shotgun shells and ammunition of all types is the responsibility of the ________ unit.
Firearms Unit
The examination of body fluids and organs for drugs and poisons is a function of the __________ unit.
Toxicology Unit
The _________ Unit dispatches trained personnel to the scene of a crime to retrieve evidence for laboratory examination.
Evidence Collection
The “general acceptance “ principle, which serves as a criterion for the judicial admissibility of scientific evidence, was set forth in the case of _____________.
Free vs. United States
In the case of ______________, the Supreme Court ruled that in assessing the admissibility of new and unique scientific test, the trail judge did not have to rely solely on the concept of “ general acceptance”
Daubert vs. Merr ll Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc
