Chapter 1

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

The language, beliefs, values,norms and behaviors and even material objects that characterize a group and are passed from on generation to another.

Question 2

Material Culture

Answer 2

The material objects that distinguish a group of people

Question 3

Nonmaterial Culture

Answer 3

A group’s ways of thinking and patterns of behavior (language, beliefs, values and assumptions about the world) AKA symbolic culture.

Question 4

Culture Shock

Answer 4

The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture than their own.

Question 5

Ethnocentrism

Answer 5

The use of one’s culture as a yardstick for judging the ways other individuals or societies (generally leading to a negative evaluation).

Question 6

Culture relativism

Answer 6

not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms.

Question 7

Symbol

Answer 7

something to which people attach meaning and then use to communicate with one another.

Question 8

Gestures

Answer 8

the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another

Question 9

Language

Answer 9

a system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects by also abstract thought.

Question 10

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 10

language creates ways of thinking and perceiving

Question 11

Values

Answer 11

The standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable , superior or inferior , good or bad, beautiful or ugly,

Question 12

Norms

Answer 12

expectations of “right” behavior

Question 13

Sanctions

Answer 13

expressions of approval or disapproval for following or breaking norms.

Question 14

Folkways

Answer 14

norms that are not strictly enforced

Question 15

Mores

Answer 15

norms that are strictly enforced because they are though as essential to core values or the wellbeing of the group.

Question 16

Taboo

Answer 16

a norm so strong that it brings extreme sanctions if violated.

Question 17

Subculture

Answer 17

the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world.
ex: bacha posh

Question 18

Counterculture

Answer 18

A group whose values, beliefs, etc… place its members in opposite to the broader culture.

Question 19

Pluralistic society

Answer 19

a society made up of many different groups.

Question 20

core values

Answer 20

that value that are central to a group, those around to which a group builds common identity.

Question 21

Value cluster

Answer 21

values that together from a whole.