Chapter 1

Question 1

when was the beginning of the history of humankind,, and why?

Answer 1

3 million years ago, first stone tools

Question 2

what is prehistory

Answer 2

period before written records (before 3000 BC)

Question 3

when did people believe the world was created in 4004 BC, and why

Answer 3

up to half a century ago (mid 1800s), their source was the Bible.

Question 4

the history of archaeology is….

Answer 4

history of ideas, research methods, and discoveries

Question 5

first non archaeological excavation, when, and what the purpose was

Answer 5

Pompeii, started in 18th century, to take art and statues

Question 6

1757 published information about the Pompeii site

Answer 6

Johann Joachim Winklemann

Question 7

1860 devised method for preserving shape of body cavities in Pompeii

Answer 7

Giuseppe Fiorelli

Question 8

1784 First scientific excavation, who, where, what

Answer 8

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, burial mounds`

Question 9

1726-1797 geologist studying rock stratigraphy, introduced uniformitarianism

Answer 9

James Hutton

Question 10

1841 published his findings of stone tools with animal bones, which introduced what?

Answer 10

Boucher de Perthes, introduced idea of prehistory and human antiquity

Question 11

1859 published the Origin of Species, stating natural selection determines survival, which introduced what?

Answer 11

Charles Darwin, the concept of evolution

Question 12

1848 created the Three Age System, what is within the system, and what did this introduce?

Answer 12

C.J. Thomsen, Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, concept of systematic study and classification of artifacts, chronological ordering.

Question 13

1892-1957 proposed Neolithic Revolution to explain why hunter gatherers became farmers, asked why things happened or changed in the past instead of being obsessed with chronology like the others

Answer 13

Gordon Chile

Question 14

1950, England, he created the first multidisciplinary research team

Answer 14

Grahame Clark

Question 15

Scientific aids for archaeology began to develop after ____. In 1949 ______ invented _____ dating.

Answer 15

World War II, William Libby, radiocarbon (C14)

Question 16

1960s he created New Archaeology, reasoning should be explicit, based on logic rather than authority, explaining rather than describing. moved towards science

Answer 16

Lewis Binford

Question 17

(early interest in artifacts) During the _____, artifacts were ______.

Answer 17

Renaissance (end of 1600), collected as curios

Question 18

wrote Analytical Archaeology in 1968

Answer 18

David L. Clarke