Chapter 1

Question 1

Hunter/Gatherer Societies

Answer 1

Oral tradition
Stories around 
   Campfires
Passed on from 
   person to person

Question 2

Oldest Known Pictographs

Answer 2

About 3500 BC

Question 3

Pictographs

Answer 3

Carved in stone in the middle east by Sumerians
Found around the world, Cave paintings France,
Throughout the Americas

Question 4

The invention of Papyrus

Answer 4

About 2500 BC

Question 5

Papyrus

Answer 5

A kind of Paper made from a grass like plant called

Sedge

Question 6

First Information Revolution

Answer 6

Storytelling subsumed but not eliminate.
Used mostly for religious purposes, writing for
governance, and records of commerce.
Only a very small minority could read and write

Question 7

Pictographs evolved into phonetic writing

Answer 7

By 1000 BC

Question 8

Once stored in written form

Answer 8

Information/communication could now reach a new and wider audience…

Question 9

ABOUT 500 BC Socrates

Answer 9

argued that “Knowledge” should be reserved for the privileged classes.

Question 10

Socrates

Answer 10

He had a vested interest as a scholar to protect the Socratic method… oral dialogue and discussion as the method of teaching.

Question 11

By 200 BC Greeks

Answer 11

had perfected parchment Made of goat and sheep skin.

Question 12

in China by 100 AD

Answer 12

“paper was invented
cheaper to produce
Chinese writing thousands of pictographic characters

Question 13

Until about 1300 AD

Answer 13

in Europe paper not used widely

Question 14

Why were these developments a Big Deal?

Answer 14

PAPER AND PARCHMENT MEANT THAT INFORMATION COULD BE STORED CHEAPER AND MORE EASILY THAN PREVIOUSLY.

Question 15

As Socrates predicted

Answer 15

wider and less controlled information became possible…
people in differing societies could share information
among themselves and with others far away.

Question 16

A common theme in the study of the history of communication

Answer 16

older methods of communication do not entirely disappear with the advent of new technology but rather is subsumed by the new technology.

Question 17

copying the information

Answer 17

was wanted by hand…

Either by one’s self or a scribe

Question 18

Petrarch, 14th Century Italian Poet

Answer 18

an unheard of personal library of 100 manuscripts

that he had copied one by one by himself

Question 19

Knowledge and the Power that it brings

Answer 19

typically belongs first to an elite group of people.

Question 20

POWER + AUTHORITY+ $$$

Answer 20

HAVE ALWAYS BEEN EQUATED WITH CONTROL OVER THE MEDIA OF THE DAY!

Question 21

Slowly societies became more literate…

demand for manuscripts flourished

Answer 21

but a scribe could only make one copy at a time

Question 22

Second Information Revolution- Communication

Answer 22

Began: It was the invention of the moveable type printing press.
In Germany in 1455 by Johannes Gutenberg.

Question 23

a wooden printing press had actually been invented 200 years earlier.
Where?

Answer 23

China. By 1445 it is believed that they were also perfecting a copper press.

Question 24

Printing Press

Answer 24

The innovation that made Gutenberg’s invention so important
was to line up individual letters that he could inked then press
with paper to produce copies.

Question 25

First book printed by moveable type

Answer 25

The Bible

Question 26

The press quickly adopted throughout Europe

Answer 26

The price of bibles plummeted.
By 1470 the cost of the French mechanically printed bible was 1/5 the
cost of a hand printed one.

Question 27

The Printing Press

Answer 27

knowledge, would have wider and wider accessibility

Question 28

At first the religious powers in Roman thought it was a great thing but then….

Answer 28

Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation changed that.
Oct. 31, 1517 Posted on the bulletin board in the Wittenberg Germany church:
“Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences”
(95 Theses)

Question 29

For the first time now

Answer 29

Knowledge/information/communication was very portable.
Libraries grew and multiplied
now information could be duplicated easily and travel to people beyond the local individual that created it.

Question 30

rise of modern government

Answer 30

and an important element of the scientific and technical/industrial revolution

Question 31

scientific and technical/industrial revolution

Answer 31

No longer parchment
Books stored more compactly on end.
Classic works read (and interpreted) simultaneously in far flung areas.
Easier to share information with future generations.

Question 32

Early efforts to Communicate

Answer 32

First the spoken word
Pictographs
The written word
Finally print

Question 33

Essentials to the concept of MASS COMMUNICATION and CONVERGENCE

Answer 33

Storability of information
Portability and of information
Accessibility of information

Question 34

Definition of Mass communication

Answer 34

Mass communication is information that becomes available to a large audience quickly.

Question 35

We live today in the midst of the

Answer 35

Third Communication Revolution

Question 36

Convergence

Answer 36

Definition: The coming together of computing, telecommunications and media in a digital environment.