Chapter 1 Flashcards
How many bones are in the human body?
Approximately 206 Bones
Axial Skeleton
consist of:
- skull (cranium)
- vertebral column (vertebra C1 through the Coccyx)
- ribs
- sternum
Appendicular Skeleton
Includes:
- the shoulder (or pectoral) girdle
- bones of the arms
- wrists
- hands
- the pelvic girdle
- bones of the legs, ankle and feet
Fibrous Joints
allow virtually no movement
(e.g., sutures of the skull)
Cartilganous Joints
allows limited movement
(e.g., intervertebral disks)
Synovial Joints
allow considerable movement
(e.g., elbow and knee)
Vertebral Column
- Cervical: 7
- Thoracic: 12
- Lumbar: 5
- Sacral: 5
- Coccygeal: 3-5
General Facts about Skeletal Muscle
- 75% of total body weight is water
- produce movement
- maintain posture
- stabilize joints
- generate heat
- store energy
What is macrostructure?
- Epimysium: is connective tissue that wraps the whole muscle.
- Perimysium: is connective tissue that wraps bundles of muscle fibres - the “bundles” being known as fasicles
- Endomysium: is connective tissue that wraps each individual muscle fibre
What are Muscle Fibers?
(“muscle cell”) is covered by a plasma membrane sheath which is called the sarcolemma
Sarcolemma
is the name of the cell membrane that encloses each muscle cell
Sarcoplasm
is the cytoplasm of muscle cells (which are also known as muscle fibres)
Terminal cisternae
are enlarged areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounding the transverse tubules.
Mitochondria
- specialized cellular organelles where the reactions of aerobic metabolism occur
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
An intricate system of tubules Parallel to and surrounding each myofibril which terminates as vesicles in the vicinity of the Z-lines. Calcium ions are stored in the vesicles.
Calcium goes thru SR
