Chapter 1 Flashcards
the study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter “the central science”
chemistry
anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
a measure of the amount of matter in an object
mass
the force (mass times acceleration) that gravity exerts on an object
weight
matter is neither created or destroyed; it is only transformed from one type or phase to another
Law of Conservation of Matter
the smallest particle of an element, indivisible
atom
consists of two or more atoms joined by strong forces called chemical bonds
molecule
homogeneous substance has a constant composition (gold, oxygen, water, etc.)
pure substance
substance that is composed of a single type of atom (H₂, O₂, S₈, etc.); defined by the number of protons in the atom
elements
pure substances that can be broken down via chemical changes
compounds
composed of two or more types of matter (in any amount) and can be separated by physical changes (e.g. evaporation)
mixture
a mixture that varies from point to point (e.g. cereal and milk, bucket of soil, etc.)
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture that has a uniform composition and appears visually the same throughout (e.g. coffee, Gatorade, etc.)
heterogeneous mixture (solution)
a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition (e.g. density, color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity)
physical property
a change in the state or properties of matter without any accompanying change in its chemical composition
physical change
an observable property of matter that undergoes a chemical reaction (e.g. flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity, etc.)
chemical property
a change that always produces one or more types of matter that differ from the matter present before the change
chemical change
depends on the amount of matter present
extensive property
