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Microbiology Exam 1 prep (ch. 1,4,3,5) > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How Microbes Shape Our Planet

A
  • structure & content of soil, water, and atmosphere
  • produce CO2, NO and methane (CH3)
  • regulate earth’s temp
  • bacteria and fungi can help fight disease and obtain nutrients
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2
Q

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

A

no production of oxygen

-light fueled conversion of CO2 to organic materials that do NOT produce oxygen

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3
Q

Viruses

A
  • parasitic
  • protein coated genetic elements
    ex) measles, mumps, hepatitis, common cold, HIV, flu
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4
Q

Major group of microorganisms

A 
bacteria
Archaea
Protozoa
Fungi
Hemlinths
viruses
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5
Q

Glycocalyx

A

outer surface of many cells

functions in attachment or as receptors that receive external stimuli

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6
Q

The Woese-Fox System

A

based on condensed small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences

Revealed seperate group for bacteria: Archaea

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7
Q

Agar

A

indispensable polysaccharide
used in preparing solid culture media
natural component of certain seaweeds

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8
Q

Lipopolysaccharide

A

complex lipid and polysaccharide

responsible for symptoms of fever and shock

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9
Q

mRNA

A

provides the type of amino acids in a protien

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10
Q

rRNA

A

major component of ribosomes

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11
Q

tRNA

A

a carrier that delivers the correct amino acid for protein assembly

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12
Q

Quaternary Protein

A

formed when more than one polypeptide forms a large mulitunit protien

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13
Q

Tertiary Protien

A

globular three dementional structure

secondary structures hydrogen bonded to eachother

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14
Q

Secondary Protein

A

arises when functional groups exposed on the outer surface of molecule; hydrogen bond

  • alpha helix
  • beta pleated sheet
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15
Q

Primary Protein

A

type, number and order of amino acids in the chain.

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16
Q

Waxes in bacteria

A

can cause tuberculosis and leprosy (contained in a cell wall can contribute to their pathogenicity.)

17
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

polysaccharide linked to peptide fragments; found in bacteria cell walls
gram negative bacteria have thick peptidoglycan

18
Q

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

A

light fueled conversion of CO2 to organic materials that DO produce oxygen
source of oxygen on planet
leads to use of oxygen for aerobic respiration
photosynthesis microorganisms account for 70% of earth’s photosynthesis

19
Q

Biofilms

A

layer of bacteria made up of more than one type of bacteria

ex) plaque which can lead to cavaties

20
Q

Oliver Wendell Holmes and Ignaz Semmelweis

A

importance of aseptic techniques and hand washing

21
Q

Joseph Lister

A

use of aseptic techniques in surgery in mid 1980s

22
Q

Robert Hook

A

in 1600s studied household objects, plants and trees using simple magnifying glass

23
Q

Ferdinand Cohn

A

Discovery of endospores and bacteria resistant to heat

24
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A

“Father of microbiology”

Constructed up to 250 small microscopes that could magnify up to 300X

25
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

studied microbes in fermentation of alcohol with swan necked flasks
heated flasks to sterilize broth
flasks exposed to dust grew microbes
no dust just air = no growth

26
Q

Abiogenesis vs Biogenesis

A

Abio-beginning in absence of life supports spontaneos generation
bio-beginning with/from life

27
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

invisible vital forces in matter let to creation of life

28
Q

Chronic Infections linked to bacteria

A

MS
OCD
Coronary artery disease
obesity

29
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Borna agent

30
Q

Diabetes

A

coxsackievirus

31
Q

Gastric Ulcers

A

helicobactor pylori

32
Q

Emerging and re-emerging diseases

A

emerging-AIDS, Hep C, viral encephalitis (defined as new diseases)
Re-emerging-tuberculosis (defined as diseases thought to be gone)

33
Q

Recombinant DNA Technology

A

transfer of genetic material from one generation to another to deliberately altar DNA and produce specific product

Microbiology Exam 1 prep (ch. 1,4,3,5) (4 decks)

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