Chapter 1 Flashcards
How Microbes Shape Our Planet
- structure & content of soil, water, and atmosphere
- produce CO2, NO and methane (CH3)
- regulate earth’s temp
- bacteria and fungi can help fight disease and obtain nutrients
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
no production of oxygen
-light fueled conversion of CO2 to organic materials that do NOT produce oxygen
Viruses
- parasitic
- protein coated genetic elements
ex) measles, mumps, hepatitis, common cold, HIV, flu
Major group of microorganisms
bacteria Archaea Protozoa Fungi Hemlinths viruses
Glycocalyx
outer surface of many cells
functions in attachment or as receptors that receive external stimuli
The Woese-Fox System
based on condensed small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences
Revealed seperate group for bacteria: Archaea
Agar
indispensable polysaccharide
used in preparing solid culture media
natural component of certain seaweeds
Lipopolysaccharide
complex lipid and polysaccharide
responsible for symptoms of fever and shock
mRNA
provides the type of amino acids in a protien
rRNA
major component of ribosomes
tRNA
a carrier that delivers the correct amino acid for protein assembly
Quaternary Protein
formed when more than one polypeptide forms a large mulitunit protien
Tertiary Protien
globular three dementional structure
secondary structures hydrogen bonded to eachother
Secondary Protein
arises when functional groups exposed on the outer surface of molecule; hydrogen bond
- alpha helix
- beta pleated sheet
Primary Protein
type, number and order of amino acids in the chain.
Waxes in bacteria
can cause tuberculosis and leprosy (contained in a cell wall can contribute to their pathogenicity.)
Peptidoglycan
polysaccharide linked to peptide fragments; found in bacteria cell walls
gram negative bacteria have thick peptidoglycan
Oxygenic Photosynthesis
light fueled conversion of CO2 to organic materials that DO produce oxygen
source of oxygen on planet
leads to use of oxygen for aerobic respiration
photosynthesis microorganisms account for 70% of earth’s photosynthesis
Biofilms
layer of bacteria made up of more than one type of bacteria
ex) plaque which can lead to cavaties
Oliver Wendell Holmes and Ignaz Semmelweis
importance of aseptic techniques and hand washing
Joseph Lister
use of aseptic techniques in surgery in mid 1980s
Robert Hook
in 1600s studied household objects, plants and trees using simple magnifying glass
Ferdinand Cohn
Discovery of endospores and bacteria resistant to heat
Leeuwenhoek
“Father of microbiology”
Constructed up to 250 small microscopes that could magnify up to 300X
