Chapter 1 Flashcards
In the Columbian Exchange, the Old World and the New World exchanged ________.
animal, plant, and microbial life forms
The most significant factor that allowed large numbers of nomadic hunters to enter the heart of North America was ________
the search for new food supplies
The agricultural practices of pre-Columbian tribes in the Northeast were characterized by:
a rapid exploitation of the land.
Cahokia was a large trading center located near what present-day city?
St. Louis
Distinct regional cultures developed among the peoples of North America between 10,000 and 2,500 years ago. Over centuries distinct groups developed their own:
languages, social organizations, religious beliefs and practices, governments
E) All of the above
Which of the following groups lived in what is now known as the Four Corners region of the United States?
Anasazi
The eastern third of what is now the United States was inhabited by the:
woodland Indians.
The Aztecs were the first group to build cities in the “new world.”
False
The single greatest factor that caused the destruction of Native Americans after contact with Europeans was ________.
disease
Mounds built by the Adena and Hopewell cultures of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, were built as sacrificial platforms for their religious ceremonies.
False
Most modern archeologists would agree that the earliest inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere came from which of the following areas of the world?
Asia
In the Great Plains region, most pre-Columbian societies:
hunted buffalo for survival.
The first truly complex society in the Americas was that of the:
Olmec.
The Mississippian people were from the:
Eastern Woodlands.
The early Native peoples who inhabited most of present-day Canada and Alaska, survived mostly by hunting and fishing.
True
The distinctive feature of Iroquois and Huron architecture was not the temple mound, but the:
longhouse.
About 15,000 years ago B.P., which land bridge was used by migrants to cross between Siberia and Alaska?
Bering Strait
Recently, scholars have begun to find evidence of incredible manipulations of landscapes and environments in the least likely of places.
the Amazon rainforest.
The Columbian Exchange was _____.
the ecological transformation which resulted from European contact with the Americas
Which of the following, built around 1300, contained more than 2,000 rooms and had a water and sewage removal system?
Paquime
Today it is generally believed that there were fewer Native Americans when the Europeans arrived than there were a century later.
False
In an effort to ensure that his American colonies contributed to England’s prosperity, King Charles II initiated a series of regulations known as the:
Navigation Acts.
Which of the following most characterized the Virginia colony in its first two decades?
high death rate
The English Reformation began with a political dispute between king and pope not with a religious dispute over matters of theology.
True
The first European power to explore North America’s interior were the:
Spanish.
What created the conditions of unrest in the Chesapeake that led to local rebellions?
diminishing economic opportunity
Portuguese exploration of the late fifteenth century concentrated on finding a route to the Orient by sailing around Africa.
True
The horse, oranges, and bananas were three New World products introduced to Europe.
False
The early Spanish settlers were successful at establishing plantations, but not at finding gold or silver.
False
After 1680, Chesapeake planters began to rely more heavily on African slave labor than on indentured white servants for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that:
whites were developing a more egalitarian society.
Which of the following is the best description of a “headright”?
the right of a free settler or sponsor of immigrants to receive 50 acres per person or head
The English mainland colonies of North America received most of their slaves directly from:
Africa
All the following factors explain why Spain conquered the Americas so rapidly, EXCEPT:
the persistent Indian belief that the Spanish were “gods.”
The first English attempt to colonize the New World failed. This attempt was led by:
Gilbert.
Which Spanish explorer led the first official expedition to the North American mainland?
Ponce de León
What was the precedent set by the English colonization of Ireland?
that an inferior race could justifiably be brutally repressed
The Portuguese contributions to the European impact on the Americas included all of the following EXCEPT:
the routes for trade opened by Dias and da Gama.
Columbus succeeded in reaching the Americas because:
he grossly underestimated the distance from Europe to the Indies.
Columbus mistakenly labeled the Taino people “Indians,” believing that:
he had reached the East Indies.
What momentous event, which occurred throughout Europe, distracted England from pursuing empire in the 1500s?
the Reformation
The economic and social system of the Spanish empire rested on all of the following EXCEPT:
spices.
Changes in European society that galvanized the expansion of European peoples and cultures after 1450 included all the following EXCEPT:
a deflationary spiral that dried up sources of capital.
Which of the following was NOT one of the ways that the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay differed from the Pilgrims of Plymouth?
The Puritans were simpler, less educated folk.
Which of the following was NOT included in Penn’s vision for his colony?
displacing the savage Indians
The Puritan belief that God was in control of history fueled a zeal to improve society. This belief is known as:
predestination.
y 1700, the North American colonies:
were becoming permanent, firmly-rooted societies.
When the English took New Amsterdam, they were able to quickly rid the colony of Dutch influences.
False
In the early 1600s, migrants to New England differed from those who went to the Chesapeake in that:
. New Englanders immigrated in family groups.
In the early decades of New England settlement, new colonies in adjacent areas were often founded because of:
religious differences.
Roger Williams insisted that the land on which Massachusetts was settled belonged to the Indians, not to the king.
True
The description of Massachusetts Bay Colony using the biblical metaphor of a “city upon a hill” relates to the Puritan founders’ idea that the colony should:
serve as an example to the world.
What was Anne Hutchinson’s heresy?
She embraced controversial positions on doctrine and shared these ideas with others.
This chapter tells the story of the French activities in North America to make the point that:
while the French provide a model for exploitative commercial penetration of North America, the English in New England demonstrate that religion could be an equally powerful motivator.
Although the inhabitants of the mid-Atlantic colonies enjoyed more secure lives than did most southern colonials, they lacked the common bonds that lent stability to early New England.
True
William Penn and the Quakers differed from the Puritans of New England in their belief that:
the state should guarantee all inhabitants freedom of worship
