Chapter 1 Flashcards
Rostral means…
Rostral means toward the head end of the
body (toward the rostrum)
rostrum - a bodily part or process suggesting a bird’s bill: as
a : the beak, snout, or proboscis of any of various insects or arachnids
b : the often spinelike anterior median prolongation of the carapace of a crustacean (as a crayfish or lobster)
Caudal means…
caudal means toward the opposite end of the body
toward the tail
Dorsal means…
Toward the back
Ventral means…
toward the belly
In most animals, rostral-caudal corresponds to…
anterior-posterior
In the upright human anterior-posterior corresponds to…
being in the regions below the head, anterior-posterior corresponds to ventral-dorsal
We are moving LATERALLY, if…
If we move away from the midline
We are moving MEDIALLY, if…
if we move toward the midline
A transverse or frontal or coronal section is…
A cross section, cut at approximately right angles to the long axis of the brain
A parasagittal or sagittal section is…
A section cut parallel to the midline (as if the animal had walked forward into a whirling vertical saw blade)
A midsagittal section…
divides the brain exactly in half, and the left and right sides are fairly symmetric
A horizontal section is…
cut in a plane more or less at right angles to the other two
Oblique Sections…
a diagonal cross section attained by slicing, actually or through imaging techniques, the body or any part of the body or anatomic structure, in any plane that does not parallel the longitudinal axis or intersect it at a right angle, that is, that is neither longitudinal (vertical) nor transverse (horizontal).
Name major distinct subdivisions of the central
nervous system…
a. Endbrain (telencephalon)
b. ‘Tweenbrain (diencephalon)
a + b = Forebrain (prosencephalon)
c. Midbrain (mesencephalon)
d. Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
e. Spinal cord
The Hindbrain is also known as…
The rhombencephalon
because of the rhombus shape you can see when looking at it from above
Encephalon means…
“ in the head ” in Greek
The Midbrain is also known as…
mesencephalon
Etymology: Gk, mesos, middle, enkephalos, brain
The forebrain (prosencephalon) includes:
a. Endbrain (telencephalon)
b. ‘Tweenbrain (diencephalon)
The Endbrain is also known as….
telencephalon
The ‘Tweenbrain is also known as…
diencephalon
The forebrain is also known as …
prosencephalon
From what kind of tissue develops the CNS?
It develops from the surface layer of the early embryo, the primitive ectoderm, the same layer that gives rise to the skin. So it is an ectodermal tissue.
What kind of tissues make up the muscles and skeleton?
the mesodermal tissues
What kind of tissues make up the internal organs?
the endodermal tissues