Chapter 1

Question 1

What are the four subjects of Oceanography?

Answer 1

Geological, Chemical, Physical, Biological

Question 2

The four oceans + 1

Answer 2

Pacific, Atlatic, Indian, Artic, and Antarctic

Question 3

What is the deepest/largest Ocean?

Answer 3

Pacific

Question 4

Earth’s Surface consists of

Answer 4

29.2% Land and 70.8% Ocean

Question 5

What is the deepest area of the ocean?

Answer 5

Mariana Trench 36,161 feet

Question 6

What is the name of the famous Bathysphere?

Answer 6

Alvin

Question 7

Who was the first man to circumnavigate the globe?

Answer 7

Ferdinand Magellan

Question 8

What was James Cook known for?

Answer 8

scientific discovery with the ships Endeavour, Resolution, and Adventure

Question 9

What is the Scientific method?

Answer 9

Observation, Hypothesis, Testing, Theory

Question 10

What is the Nebular Hypothesis?

Answer 10

all bodies of the solar system formed an enormous cloud composed mostly of hydrogen and helium, and small % heavy elements. then started to revovle around the sun. creating the solar system happened about 4.5 GA yrs

Question 11

What is the order of the planets, starting from the sun?

Answer 11

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Question 12

Density Stratification

Answer 12

it occurs during gravitational sepration, in which the highest-desity materials (iron/nickel) concentrated in the core. whereas lower-density components (rock) formed spheres around the core.

Question 13

What are the three Chemical Compostions of the Earth?

Answer 13

Crust, Mantle and Core

Question 14

What are the Physical properties of the Earth (5)?

Answer 14

inner core, outer core, mesopshere, asthenospher, and lithosphere

Question 15

Oceanic vs. Continental Crust

Answer 15

oceanic crust is made up of basalt rock, continental is low-density granite.

Question 16

Orgin of Earth’s atmospher?

Answer 16

it is from outgassing of valcanos and was captured by the magnetic atsmospher

Question 17

Orgin of Earth’s Oceans?

Answer 17

the ocean’s orgin comes from outgassing because it released H2O vapors and other gases. Exsisted around 4 GA

Question 18

Outgassing occured how long ago?

Answer 18

4 billion years

Question 19

What is the name for the Rocky planets and name them?

Answer 19

Terrestrial

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

Question 20

The name for the Gasy planets and which ones are they?

Answer 20

Gaint Gaseous Planets: Jupiter and Saturn

Question 21

Name that Ice planets/ which ones are they?

Answer 21

Uranus and Neptune

Question 22

Oldest Rock on Earth?

Answer 22

4.0 GA

Question 23

Age of the Earth/ how do we know the age of the Earth?

Answer 23

We know from looking at the oldest meterorites found on Earth. Which are about 4.5-4.6 GA old

Question 24

What is the Gaint Impact Theory?

Answer 24

Mars size object hit Earth and some bounced back out. Creating the Moon.

Question 25

Why does Earth have water?

Answer 25

1. Distance from the sun 2. Roational Period 3. Presence of an atsmosphere

Question 26

Other Solar systems that might have had water?

Answer 26

Europa and Mars

Question 27

What is Chemosynthetic Microbes?

Answer 27

These exist at hydrothermal vents today

Question 28

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 28

its utilizes the sun's energy (light) and produces sugars, complex molicules, oxygen from water

Question 29

When did life first form?

Answer 29

1st unequivocal evidence was 3.45 GA and it was a Cyanobacteria

Question 30

What was Earth's Atmosphere like Early and today?

Answer 30

_Early Earth_ high CO2 no free O2 _Today_ 0.037% CO2 21% O2

Question 31

What is important about Alfred Wegener?

Answer 31

Puzzle Fit continents

Question 32

What was the first program of oceanography?

Answer 32

HMS Challenger expedition (1872-1876)

Question 33

Which explorer was the first to discover Antartica?

Answer 33

Fabian Gottleib von Bellingshausen

Question 34

What is the Planetismals Collide

Answer 34

it was the collision of particals to form the planets

Question 35

Isostasy

Answer 35

refers to the concept that the continents float on a more dense mantle. bc they are less dense and stick up