Chapter 1-5

Question 0

What is stress?

Answer 0

Stress has been defined as “ a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances “.

Question 1

Where the US ranks compared to the other nations

Answer 1

24th rank

Question 2

How do we measure stress

Answer 2

Physiological measures and self reports

Question 3

What is a neuron

Answer 3

Cells that function electrochemically in the human nervous system.

Question 4

What is incidence?

Answer 4

A measure of the frequency of new cases of a disease or disorder of joining us specified period of time

Question 5

Cross-sectional studies

Answer 5

Are those conducted at only one point in time

Question 6

What is epidemiology

Answer 6

The study of how disease is distributed in populations in the factors that influence or determine this distribution

Question 7

Prospective study

Answer 7

begins with a population of disease-free participants and follow them over a period of time to determine whether a given condition is related to the later condition

Question 8

Longitudinal Study

Answer 8

All participants over an extended period

Question 9

HMOs

Answer 9

A health insurance organization to which subscribers pay a pre-determining see in return for a range of medical services physicians and healthcare workers

Question 10

What is the hospital’s(Physicians) perspective to patient illness

Answer 10

Other sources of health care include “alternative” approaches rather than conventional medicine.

primarily well educated people who are dissatisfied with standard care. They are able to pay for alternative care.

Question 11

What predicts people’s behavior?

Answer 11

The health belief model

Question 12

How to define adherence and non adherence?

Answer 12

Active involvement of the patient in restoring health. A patient’s ability and willingness to follow recommended health practices.

Question 13

How to measure adherence

Answer 13

Practitioner report (overestimates compliance).
Hospital/ Family member observation.  ("")
Medication monitoring (data collection errors)
Biochemical Evidence (ie. blood analysis)
Patient report (inaccurate)

Question 14

Factors that impact Adherence

Answer 14

perception of disease severity (not actual disease severity)

demographic characteristics: Age and Gender

Question 15

The impact of education on health outcome

Answer 15

Poor health leads to lower level of schooling, family background or individual differences, both increase schooling and health. Third increase education directly improves health

Question 16

Biomedical model of data

Answer 16

Problems with the biomedical model only uses the biomedical factors and does not use psychological and social factors to understand a person’s illness or disorder.

Question 17

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

The sympathetic nervous system activates when it what is often termed the fight or flight response.

Question 18

Ways we deal with stress

Answer 18

Positive self talk
Emergency stress stoppers
Finding pleasure
Daily relaxation

Question 19

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 19

A change in one factor results in the change of another factor. God attention to the doctor – patient relationship. Single factor explanations are not valid.
factors include biological, psychological and Social.

Question 20

The role of a health psychologist

Answer 20

It depends on the work setting. Many health psychologist work directly in clinical setting to help individuals or groups to prevent illness and promote healthy behaviors.

Question 21

Bandura’s concept of reciprocal determinism.

Answer 21

Human functioning is a product of the interaction of behavior, environment, and person variables, especially self-efficacy and other cognitive processes.

More text resource;( pg70)
(1) performance or in I think a behavior such as successfully resisting cigarette craving (2) vicarious experience, or seeing another person with similar skills perform a behavior (3) verbal persuasion, or listening to the couraging words of a trusted person and (4) physiological arousal states, such as feeling anxiety or stress, which ordinarily decrease self-efficacy.

Question 22

Lazurus

Answer 22

Is a psychologist who was a pioneer in the study of emotion and stress especially their relation to cognition.

Question 23

Prochaska

Answer 23

The stages of change which are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance.

Question 24

Transtheoratical Theory

Answer 24

assesses an individual’s readiness to act on a new healthier behavior and provide strategies of change to action and maintenance.