Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organisational behaviour > Chapter 1-5 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Is organisational behaviour focused on understanding, explaining, and influencing/improving attitudes and behaviours of individuals and groups?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four functions of managers?

A

Planning, organising, controlling, and leading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does planning involve?

A

It requires the manager to evaluate an organisation’s current position and where it wants to be, so it can design strategies, actions, and resources of how to get there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is organising associated with arranging resources to implement the strategy made during the planning stage?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the five skills required to carry out organisational roles?

A

Technical skills, human skills, emotional intelligence, conceptual skills, and human capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define human skills

A

The ability to relate to other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define conceptual skill

A

The capacity to see the organisation as a whole and understand how each part relates to one another and fits into the overall environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is human capital the sum of?

A

The sum of an employee’s skills, knowledge, experience, and general attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State two examples of intangible resources

A

It’s reputation and culture, and the trust between managers and coworkers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three main aspects of human capital that enhances true competitive advantage?

A

Value, rareness, inimitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can value determine a competitive advantage?

A

As it is to do with the way employees work toward the strategic goals of an organisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is rareness the level of exceptional skills and talents employees possess?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does inimitability mean?

A

The degree to which the skills and talents of employees can be emulated by other organisations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are all of organisation, rareness, inimitability, and valuable needed to gain a competitive advantage?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do we call it if valuable is not met?

A

Competitive disadvantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do we call it if rareness is not met?

A

Competitive parity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do we call it if inimitability, and organisation is not met, respectively?

A

Temporary competitive advantage, and unused competitive advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three competitive advantage strategies?

A

Cost leadership, differentiation, and focus or niche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 6 steps to critical thinking?

A

Behaviour change, observe, interpret, analyse, evaluate, and explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 7 challenges/opportunities to do with organisational behaviour?

A

Globalisation, economic factors, workforce diversity, customer service, people skills, innovation and change, and sustainability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the three levels of analysis in organisational behaviour?

A

Individual level, group level, and organisation level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does DEI stand for?

A

Diversity, equity, and inclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is diversity in organisational behaviour?

A

Having and identifying employees across differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is equity in organisational behaviour?

A

Processes and programs are impartial, fair, and provide equal access for all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does inclusion mean in organisational behaviour?

A

The organisation connects with, engages, and utilises people across all differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Does workplace diversity increase profits?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

State examples of both surface-level diversity, and deep-level diversity

A

Surface-level: age and generational differences, and physical and mental ability. Deep-level: personality traits, and values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the five generations that are currently in the workforce and what decades do they span for?

A

Traditionalists: born before 1946
Baby boomers: 1946-1964
Generation X: 1965-1981
Generation Y (millennials): 1982-2000
Generation Z: 1998-2016

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What percentage of the workforce do each of the generations make up?

A

Traditionalists: 1%
Baby boomers: 20-22%
Generation X: 30-33%
Generation Y: 35-40%
Generation Z: 12-15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Do Gen Y (Millennials) act in an entitled way?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Are Gen Z regarded as disloyal?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the difference between race, and ethnicity?

A

Race: factors of physical appearance, and ethnicity: sociological factors such as nationality, culture, language, ancestry, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Define glass cliff

A

When women or ethnic minorities are given leadership positions during periods of crisis without any support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does ability diversity mean?

A

The representation of people with different levels of mental and physical abilities within an organisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What percentage of the 60 million people with a disability in the United States are unemployed?

A

More than 85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Define intersectionality

A

Different types of discrimination may overlap with one another and manifest negative outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are concealable stigmatised identities?

A

Identities people hide for fear of mistreatment or discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does a stereotype threat mean?

A

The fear of confirming a negative stereotype leading to a lack of motivation, low confidence, and poor engagement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the difference between equity, and equality?

A

Equity: Process of ensuring that processes and programs are impartial and fair (procedural fairness).
Equality: Process of ensuring everyone is given the same opportunities and resources regardless of individual need ( distributive fairness)

40
Q

What is implicit bias?

A

A set of positive or negative stereotypes one may unconsciously hold toward a person/group

41
Q

What are individual differences?

A

Behavioural and cognitive similarities and differences among people

42
Q

What is essential in order to understand individual differences?

A

High degree of self awareness, and an awareness of others

43
Q

Is self-concept a important part of individual differences?

A

Yes

44
Q

What is self-concept and what two things is it made up of?

A

Helps us understand who we are and how we feel about ourselves. Two key components: self-esteem, and self-efficacy

45
Q

Is a personality made up of stable and unique patterns of traits, characteristics, and resulting characteristics?

A

Yes

46
Q

State the 6 different trait theories of personality

A

Carl Jung’s theory, MBTI, Eysenck’s personality theory, Cattell’s trait theory, Big five model, HEXACO model

47
Q

What is Carl Jung’s theory?

A

Introversion, and extraversion

48
Q

How many personality types does the MBTI have?

A

16

49
Q

What is Eysenck’s personality theory associated with?

A

Introversion/extraversion, neuroticism/stability, self-control/psychoticism

50
Q

What does MBTI stand for?

A

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

51
Q

What are the four psychological preferences that combine to describe the 16 personality types?

A

Energy (extraversion vs introversion), information (sensing vs intuition), decision (thinking vs feeling), lifestyle (judging vs perceiving)

52
Q

What does perceive mean?

A

Becoming aware of or to notice something, especially through the senses

53
Q

What is expected from the employees with the “always on” culture?

A

Expected to be responsive outside their working hours

54
Q

State 4 strategies that can be used to make work easier

A

Switching off, handling information overload, creating boundaries, and establishing a work/life balance

55
Q

How many factors is in Cattell’s personality factors trait theory?

A

16

56
Q

What 5 factors are associated with the Big five model?

A

Openness to experience, conscientiousness (careful, thoughtful, and diligent), neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness

57
Q

What is the core self-evaluation?

A

Appraisals that people make of their own abilities, self-worth, control, and capabilities. It includes locus of control, emotional stability, self-efficacy, and self-esteem

58
Q

What is the locus of control?

A

Extent to which people believe they have influence over events. Internal locus of control: people control the events

59
Q

What does HEXACO stand for and used for?

A

Honesty- humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Commonly used in talent management, leadership development, and personal coaching

60
Q

State 5 other personality attributes

A

Self-monitoring, proactive personality, type a/type b, risk taking propensity, and the dark triad (narcissism, psychopathy, and machiavellianism)

60
Q

What does DiSC personality assessment tool stand for, and many people use it in a workplace every year?

A

Dominance, influence, conscientiousness, and steadiness. 1 million people in order to improve teamwork, communication, and productivity

61
Q

What is perception?

A

The process of receiving and interpreting information from our environment

62
Q

What are the components of the perception process?

A

Perceiver, environment, and focal object

63
Q

Does the perceiver include past experiences, culture, attitude, values, and upbringing?

A

Yes

64
Q

State 5examples of common perceptual distortions

A

Halo effect vs horn effect, primary effect, contrast effect, self-fulfilling prophecy, and impression management

65
Q

Describe the difference between the halo effect and horn effect

A

Halo effect: a positive first impression that leads us to treat someone more favourably. Horn effect: the opposite

66
Q

What is the primary effect?

A

The tendency to remember the first piece of information we encounter better than information presented later on

67
Q

What is the difference between contrast effect and impression management?

A

Contrast effect: Unconscious bias that occurs when people compare two things rather than evaluate them individually. Impression management: The act of controlling how others perceive you, either consciously or subconsciously

68
Q

What is self-fulfilling prophecy?

A

A prediction that becomes true because a person’s expectations cause them to act in a way to make it happen

69
Q

What are the 5 perception/learning theories?

A

Attribution, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, reinforcement, social cognitive

70
Q

What does the attribution theory state? What are they?

A

People look for two causes to explain the behaviour of others. Internal attributions: personal characteristics, and external attributions: situational factors

71
Q

Describe the classical conditioning theory

A

A theory of learning that explains how people and animals learn to associate a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that produces a neutral response

72
Q

How does operant conditioning theory form behaviour?

A

By controlling the consequences or outcome of the behaviour

73
Q

What are the four subgroups of the reinforcement theory?

A

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, extinction

74
Q

What is the difference between positive reinforcement, and negative reinforcement?

A

Positive reinforcement: Positive behaviour followed by positive consequences, whereas, negative reinforcement is positive behaviour followed by removal of negative consequences

75
Q

What is punishment?

A

Negative behaviour followed by negative consequences

76
Q

What is extinction?

A

Negative behaviour followed by removal of positive consequences

77
Q

What does social cognitive theory say?

A

We learn by observing, imitating, and modelling behaviour of others

78
Q

What are the three major aspects of this theory?

A

Self efficacy, vicarious learning, and self-regulation

79
Q

What is vicarious learning?

A

Learning by watching the action or behaviour of another person

80
Q

What do affects mean in organisational behaviour?

A

Covers a wide range of feelings including emotions and moods

81
Q

What are the two basic types of mood dimensions?

A

Positive and negative affect

82
Q

What is emotional contagion?

A

When emotions experienced by one or more individuals in a work group spread to others

83
Q

What is emotional labour?

A

Faking what we actually feel

84
Q

What is the difference between surface acting, and deep acting?

A

One changes emotions willingly

85
Q

What is the difference between emotional dissonance, and emotional intelligence?

A

Emotional dissonance: a difference between emotions expressed and emotions felt.
Emotional intelligence: ability to understand emotions of ourselves and others, so that we can handle behaviours/relationships

86
Q

What are the two kinds of emotional regulations?

A

Antecedent-focused strategies, and response-focused strategies

87
Q

What are antecedent-focused strategies?

A

They prevent strong emotional response

88
Q

What are response-focused strategies?

A

Manage emotional response according to the situation

89
Q

What 3 main elements form our attitudes?

A

Cognitive appraisal, affective evaluation, and behavioural intentions

90
Q

What is included in cognitive appraisal?

A

Beliefs, opinions, information

91
Q

What does cognitive dissonance mean?

A

Stressed and discomfort experienced when facing inconsistency between beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviours

92
Q

What are the two types of stressors?

A

Challenge stressors, and hindrance stressors

93
Q

Is it healthy to have some stress?

A

Yes

94
Q
A

Organisational behaviour (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions