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Human Growth And Development > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Alice walker

A

The color purple

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2
Q

Development

A

The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through life

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3
Q

Life span perspective

A

Perspective that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, Etc. involves growth maintenance and regulation

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4
Q

Context

A

Setting in which development occurs

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5
Q

Plasticity

A

The capacity for change

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6
Q

Three context influence types

A
  1. Normative age graded
  2. Normative history graded
  3. Nonnormative or highly individualized life events
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7
Q

Normative age graded influences

A

Biological and environmental Influences that are similar for individuals In a particular age group (puberty menopause)

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8
Q

Normative history graded influence

A

Biological and environmental influences associated with history. (911)

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9
Q

Nonnormative life events

A

Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on a persons life (death in a family at a young age)

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10
Q

3 goals of human development

A

Growth
Maintenance
Regulation of loss

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11
Q

Culture

A

The behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation

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12
Q

Cross-cultural studies

A

Comparisons of the aspects of two or more cultures. Provides info about the development( similar, universal)

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13
Q

Ethnicity

A

A range of characteristics rooted in cultural heritage including nationality race religion and language.

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14
Q

Socioeconomic status (ses)

A

A persons position within a society based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.

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15
Q

Gender

A

The characteristics of people as females or males

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16
Q

Social policy

A

A national governments course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens

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17
Q

Biological processes

A

Changes in an individual’s physical nature

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18
Q

Cognitive processes

A

Changes in an individual’s thoughts, intelligence, and language

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19
Q

Socioemotional processes

A

Changes in an individual’s relationship with other ppl, emotions, and personality

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20
Q

Developmental period

A

Time frame in a persons life that is characterized by certain features.

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21
Q

8 developmental periods

A 
Prenatal period
Infancy 
Early childhood
Middle / late childhood
Adolescents 
Early adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late adulthood
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22
Q

Prenatal period

A

Time from conception to birth

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23
Q

Infancy

A

Period from birth to 18-24 months

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24
Q

Early childhood

A

From end of infancy to 5-6 aka preschool years

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25
Q

Middle and late childhood

A

6-11

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26
Q

Adolescence

A

10/12-18/22

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27
Q

Early adulthood

A

Late teens or early 20’s through thirties

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28
Q

Middle adulthood

A

40-60

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29
Q

Late adulthood

A

60’s or 70’s until death

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30
Q

Ted kacynski

A

Unabomber

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31
Q

Four types of age

A
  1. chronological
  2. Psychological
  3. Social
  4. Biological
32
Q

Biological age

A

A persons age in terms of biological health

33
Q

Psychological age

A

Individual’s adaptive capacities compared to others of the same chronological age

34
Q

Social age

A

Connectedness with others and the social roles individual’s adopt

35
Q

Chronological age

A

Number of years that have elapsed since birth

36
Q

Freuds five stages of psychosexual development

A 
Oral stage 
Anal stage 
Phallic stage
Latency stage 
Genital stage
37
Q

Oral stage

A

Infants pleasure centers on mouth (birth - 1 1/2)

38
Q

Anal stage

A

Childs pleasure focuses on anus (11/2-3)

39
Q

Phallic stage

A

Childs pleasure focuses on genitals (3-6)

40
Q

Latency stage

A

Child represses sexual interest and develops social and intellectual skills (6- puberty)

41
Q

Genital stage

A

Time of sexual reawakening source of sexual pleasure becomes someone outside the family (puberty onward)

42
Q

Nature

A

Organisms biological inheritance

43
Q

Nurture

A

Environmental experiences

44
Q

Stability change issue

A

The debate about the degree to which early traits and hats geriatrics persist through life or change

45
Q

Continuity discontinuity issue

A

The debate about the extent to which development involves gradual cumulative change or distinct stages (discontinuity)

46
Q

Theory

A

Set of ideas to help explain data

47
Q

Hypothesis

A

Prediction derived from theories that can be tested

48
Q

Psychoanalytic theories

A

Theories holding that development depends on the unconscious mind and is heavily couched in emotion. Early experiences are important in development

49
Q

Eriksons theory

A

Psychosocial theory in which 8stages of development unfold throughout life.

50
Q

Eight stages (erikson)

A

Trust vs mistrust(first stage first year of life) Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1-3). Initiative vs guilt (3rd preschool yrs) industry vs inferiority (elementary school) identity vs identity confusion (adolescence). Intimacy vs isolation (early adult). Generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood). Integrity vs despair (late)

51
Q

Piagets theory

A

Theory that children construct their understanding of the world and go through 4 stages of cognitive development

52
Q

Piagets 4 stages

A

sensorimotor stage- birth - 2 years
Preoperational stage 2-7
Concrete operational stage 7-11
Formal operational stage 11-15

53
Q

Operations

A

Internalized mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they could only do physically

54
Q

Vygotsky theory

A

Cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide development

55
Q

Stability change issue

A

The debate about the degree to which early traits and hats geriatrics persist through life or change

56
Q

Continuity discontinuity issue

A

The debate about the extent to which development involves gradual cumulative change or distinct stages (discontinuity)

57
Q

Theory

A

Set of ideas to help explain data

58
Q

Hypothesis

A

Prediction derived from theories that can be tested

59
Q

Psychoanalytic theories

A

Theories holding that development depends on the unconscious mind and is heavily couched in emotion. Early experiences are important in development

60
Q

Eriksons theory

A

Psychosocial theory in which 8stages of development unfold throughout life.

61
Q

Eight stages (erikson)

A

Trust vs mistrust(first stage first year of life) Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1-3). Initiative vs guilt (3rd preschool yrs) industry vs inferiority (elementary school) identity vs identity confusion (adolescence). Intimacy vs isolation (early adult). Generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood). Integrity vs despair (late)

62
Q

Piagets theory

A

Theory that children construct their understanding of the world and go through 4 stages of cognitive development

63
Q

Piagets 4 stages

A

sensorimotor stage- birth - 2 years
Preoperational stage 2-7
Concrete operational stage 7-11
Formal operational stage 11-15

64
Q

Operations

A

Internalized mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they could only do physically

65
Q

Vygotsky theory

A

Cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide development

66
Q

Information processing theory

A

Theory emphasizes individual’s manipulate info, monitor it. And strategize it. Memory and thinking are central

67
Q

Behavioral and social cognitive theories

A

Development can be described in terms of behavior learned through interactions

68
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

Behavior environment and person/ cognitive factors are important in understanding development

69
Q

Skinner

A

Believed in stimulus that made a person who they are. Positive stimulus resulted in continuous behavior neg would cause a halt in the behavior

70
Q

Banduras theory

A

Leading architect of social cog theory imitation and modeling monkey see monkey do. Three elements: behavior, the person, and environment.

71
Q

Ethology

A

Study of behavior in animals in their natural habitat

72
Q

Lorenza research

A

Goose guy imprinting

73
Q

Bowl u

A

Attachment to caregiver over first year of life

74
Q

Bronfrenbrenner

A

Developed ecological theory.

75
Q

Experiment

A

Regulated procedure in which one or more factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other factors are held constant

76
Q

Apa guidelines

A

Informed consent confidentiality debriefing deception

77
Q

Cohort effects

A

Effects due to a subjects time of birth or generation not age

Human Growth And Development (2 decks)

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