Chapter 1 Flashcards
Four types of appeals
Logos, ethos, pathos, mythos
Appeals to audiences ability to reason or work through your ideas logically
Logos
Appeal of reliability
Ethos
Appealing to the audiences emotions to maintain their interest or to convince them of your intent
Pathos
Appeals to your audiences need for group membership and connection to the groups traditions, identity, and values.
Mythos
Speech anxiety
Communication apprehension
The assumption that your group or culture is better than all others
Ethnocentrism
When speakers take an entire speech or document and present it as their own or when a speaker takes entire parts of information from other sources and links it together, creating an entire speech out of someone else’s words
Blatant plagiarism
Occurs when speakers fail to give source credit to a specific part of their speech that has been taken from another source
No citation plagiarism
As a public speaker, you’re morally and legally obligated to comply with laws that protect freedom of speech and press
First amendment
The person who initiates and is responsible for most of the message
Speaker
Person or persons receiving the speakers message and contributing feedback
Audience
Verbal and nonverbal ideas encoded by the speaker and he coded by the audience
Message
The process of conveying
Encoding
The process of interpreting
Decoding
Consists of the verbal or nonverbal messages and coded by the audience in decoded by the speaker
Feedback
The means of getting the message across, such as a voice over the airwaves or visual messages in the form of non-verbal or visual aids
Channel
Anything that interferes with the message or feedback
Noise
The location and time in which the communication takes place
Situation
Refers to the speakers and the audiences identities and life experiences
Background
Refers to the overlap within the speakers and audiences identities and life experiences
Common ground
The communication process is referred to as the _______
Transactional process
The tendency for your audience to be interested in things that relate and matter to them
Egocentrism
Crafting your speech in a way that recognizes that your audiences a unique group of individuals
Audience centered
A systematic investigation of characteristics that make your audience unique
Audience analysis
Knowing what is distinctive about an audience
Identity knowledge
Being conscientiously aware of what is distinctive about an audience
Mindfulness
Ability to respond to the audiences differences through sensitivity, politeness, willing adjustment, and collaboration
Negotiation skill
Persistent psychological responses, predispositions, or inclinations to act one way or feel a particular way toward something
Attitudes
Those things a person excepts as plausible based on interpretation and judgment
Beliefs
Relate to worth or what a person sees as right or wrong, important or unimportant, desirable or undesirable
Values
Beliefs values and attitudes make up the audiences ________
Identity
Demographics including age, gender, sexual orientation, household types, education, occupation, income, and disabilities
Personal traits
False or oversimplify generalizing applied to individuals based on group characteristics
Stereotyping
The ________________ of your audience pertain to their needs and motivations
Psychological traits
Relates to how your audience is affected by or identify with other groups of people
Social traits
Biological differences of humankind, based on physical markers, such as color and texture of hair color of skin and eyes shape of facial features Body build and proportions
Race
Stems from our national and religious affiliations
Ethnicity
System that teaches a set of objectives and rules that help us survive and gain societal acceptance
Culture
Questions that allow the interviewee to give a detailed response and often will give you valuable information that you had not anticipated
Open ended
Questions used when you want general, quantifiable information
Closed ended
Noise that occurs outside of the mind or body
External noise
Noise that originates inside of the mind or body
Internal noise
Hunger sickness disabilities or pain are this type of barrier
Physiological
Negative thoughts about the topic are considered this type of barrier
Psychological barrier
The human need and willingness to understand as much as possible the feelings, thoughts, motives, interests, attitudes, and lives of others
Identification
