Chapter 1

Question 1

Dis-cern

Answer 1

Separate, distinguish, sort out what you have done, said, thought, felt.

Question 2

Enlightenment

Answer 2

Calls for us to leave behind the darkness of faith and superstition to follow the “light of reason”

Question 3

Deism

Answer 3

Belief in an all-powerful, impersonal supreme being.

(Like Newtons “Clock-maker”

Question 4

3 liberal arts

Answer 4

Grammar: reading/writing of Latin
Rhetoric: persuasive expression
Logic: thinking in an orderly way

Question 5

Sentir

Answer 5

Know (what’s within your self)

Question 6

geocentric

Answer 6

earth is center

1 of the 2 world systems

Question 7

heliocentric

Answer 7

sun is the center

1 of the 2 world systems

Question 8

Aristotle’s idea modifies by Ptolemy

Answer 8

Stars are in perfect, concentric circles.

Question 9

Ptolemy vs. Copernicus

Answer 9

Evidence calls for additions to ptolemys theory, such as “epicycles” (Kepler proposed that orbits were elliptical)
Copernicus suggests heliocentric theory.

Question 10

Tycho Brahe

Answer 10

Proposed the idea that the earth is the center

Question 11

Galileo’s letter to Grand Duchess Christina

Answer 11

Copernicus was a good Christian who wrote for the church.
Astronomy professors tried to show that scripture proved Copernicus was wrong.
Scripture:
A. Scripture is authoritative and can’t be wrong.
B. The literal sense of scripture says obviously class things about God (human limitations,etc)
C. The bible is written this way to meet the needs of common people from simpler times.
D. Gods word speaks 2 ways: I’m written words of the bible and and in the “word” of nature

Question 12

Pascal

Answer 12

Mathematical genius who invented calculator

Experimented that led to vacuums

Question 13

Pascal’s wager

Answer 13

Wager= a bet
A. Man can’t
B. Life is miserable
C. We try to enter
D. The wager it’s self: bet that the Christian God exists. It’s 50-50, an even bet.
If God exists, we have a chance for eternal life.
If God doesn’t exist, still we have a moral life.

Question 14

Latin and Greek words for “Faith”

Answer 14

Translate to as “trust”

Question 15

Voltaire’s Candide

Answer 15

A satire against Christian belief in providence (God oversees all human events)

Question 16

Rousseau

Answer 16

Fundamental principle of morality was, “do what is best for YOU, with the least possible harm to others.”

Question 17

Adam Smith

Answer 17

Wrote “Wealth of Nations,” it put forth capitalist theory.

Key idea- self interest of buyers and sellers.

Question 18

Ignatius’ discernment

Answer 18

1. Made his trip to Jerusalem, it was a disaster. (he thought God was calling him to do this) After 14 years of experiences he invents his rules for discernment.
2. First assumptions about God: he is immanent
3. You have to know what’s within yourself. (Sentir)
   Know and watch your mociones= movements, emotions)
4. To decide what to do, or to make a choice, you need a criterion

Question 19

Immanent

Answer 19

Remaining within