Chapter 1 Flashcards
Cross-Sectional Design
A research method in which children of different ages are compared on a given behavior or characteristic over a short period
The amount of agreement in the observation of different raters who witness the same behavior
Interrater Reliability
Examination of ongoing behavior in an environment not controlled by the researcher.
Naturalistic Observation
Approaches that propose that development involves a series of discontinuous, age-related phases.
Stage Theories
Genome
each person’s complete set of hereditary information
Structured Observation
A method that involves presenting an identical situation to each child and recording the child’s behavior.
The degree to which independent measurements of a given behavior are consistent.
Reliability
Continuous Development
the idea that changes with age occur gradually, in small increments, like that of a pine tree growing taller and taller.
A research method in which children of different ages are compared on a given behavior or characteristic over a short period
Cross-Sectional Design
Discontinuous Development
the idea that changes with age include occasional large shifts, like the transition from caterpillar to cocoon to butterfly.
Interrater Reliability
The amount of agreement in the observation of different raters who witness the same behavior
Clinical Interview
A procedure in which questions are adjusted in accord with the answers the interviewee provides
The environments, both physical and social, that influence our development.
Nurture
Methylation
A biochemical process that influences behavior by suppressing gene activity and expression
The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment.
Epigenetics
The Degree to which results can be generalized beyond the particulars of the research
External Validity
Nurture
The environments, both physical and social, that influence our development.
Stage Theories
Approaches that propose that development involves a series of discontinuous, age-related phases.
Internal Validity
the degree to which effects observed within experiments can be attributed to the factor that the researcher is testing.
a research procedure in which all participants are asked the same questions.
Structured Interview
the degree to which effects observed within experiments can be attributed to the factor that the researcher is testing.
Internal Validity
Validity
The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.
the idea that changes with age include occasional large shifts, like the transition from caterpillar to cocoon to butterfly.
Discontinuous Development
Microgenetic Design
a method in which the same children are studied repeatedly over a small period of time.
A method that involves presenting an identical situation to each child and recording the child’s behavior.
Structured Observation
the physical, social, cultural, economic, and historical circumstances that make up any child’s environment.
Sociocultural Context
Cognitive Development
The development of thinking and reasoning
Naturalistic Observation
Examination of ongoing behavior in an environment not controlled by the researcher.
chemicals involved in communication among brain cells
Neurotransmitters
Epigenetics
The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment.
Sociocultural Context
the physical, social, cultural, economic, and historical circumstances that make up any child’s environment.
Reliability
The degree to which independent measurements of a given behavior are consistent.
The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.
Validity
Neurotransmitters
chemicals involved in communication among brain cells
Longitudinal Design
A method of study in which the same children are studied twice or more over a substantial length of time
A procedure in which questions are adjusted in accord with the answers the interviewee provides
Clinical Interview
the idea that changes with age occur gradually, in small increments, like that of a pine tree growing taller and taller.
Continuous Development
an approach to testing beliefs that involves choosing a question, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and drawing a conclusion.
Scientific Method
The development of thinking and reasoning
Cognitive Development
each person’s complete set of hereditary information
Genome
External Validity
The Degree to which results can be generalized beyond the particulars of the research
A biochemical process that influences behavior by suppressing gene activity and expression
Methylation
Scientific Method
an approach to testing beliefs that involves choosing a question, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and drawing a conclusion.
Structured Interview
a research procedure in which all participants are asked the same questions.
