Chapter 1

Question 1

6 Main Groups of Microbes

Answer 1

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Protozoa
• Algae
• Helminths (worms)

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

• small (between 10um & 1um in size) micrometer
• single-celled
• prokaryotic organisms

Question 3

Viruses

Answer 3

• are NOT cells
• parasitic particle made of Nucleic Acid and Protein
• MOST COMMON microbes on earth
• invade hosts’ cells and inflict damage
• between 200 & 10nm (nanometer) in size

Question 4

Fungi

Answer 4

• eukaryotes
• microscopic: Molds & Yeasts
• larger organisms: Mushrooms & Puffballs
• 200 um (micrometer)

Question 5

Protozoa

Answer 5

• eukaryotes
• mostly single-celled
• animal-like
• 50 um (micrometer)

Question 6

Algae

Answer 6

• eukaryotes
• Photosynthetic
• ranging from single-celled To large seaweeds
• micrometer range

Question 7

helminths

Answer 7

-worms

Question 8

DKPCOFGS

Answer 8

• domain
• kingdom
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species

Question 9

Binomial Scientific Nomenclature

Answer 9

• Gives each microbe 2 names
• Genus, always capitalized
• Species, lowercase
• Both italicized OR underlined*

Question 10

3 Domains

Answer 10

• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Eukarya

Question 11

Bacteria Domain

Answer 11

• includes True Prokaryotes

- Bacteria that have peptidoglycan

Question 12

Archaea Domain

Answer 12

• includes ODD Prokaryotes that live in EXTREME environments

- High salt, Heat, ph, Acid, Pressure..

Question 13

Eukarya Domain

Answer 13

• includes Eukaryotes that HAVE a Nucleus and Organelles

- examples being Animals, Fungi, Plants, Protista, Humans

Question 14

Phylogeny

Answer 14

-Natural relatedness between groups of organisms

Question 15

Pathogens

Answer 15

-Are microbes capable of causing Disease

Question 16

Parasites

Answer 16

-Live on or in the body of another organism called the Host and harm the Host

Question 17

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 17

• Was a dutch linen merchant
• Was the FIRST to observe living Microbes
• Invented the Microscope which had a single lens and magnified up to 300X

Question 18

Spontaneous Generation

Answer 18

• A belief that life could arise from Dead or Decomposing matter
• maggots from meat
• frogs from mud
• mice from straw

Question 19

Francesco Redi

Answer 19

• Redi helped disprove the belief of Spontaneous Generation
• Showed life came from other living things
• Theory of Biogenesis

Question 20

Louis Pasteur

Answer 20

• Showed that microbes caused food spoilage
• Demonstrated microbes present in air in 1861
• S-shaped flask let air in but kept microbes OUT
• Invented Pasteurization

Question 21

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Answer 21

• American physician who realized the human body and Hospitals were sources of Infection
• Noticed a disturbing trend. Mothers who gave birth at home had fewer infections

Question 22

Ignaz Semmelweis

Answer 22

• Physician who showed that women in maternity wards became infected after being examined by a physician
• It was a common practice at the time to come directly from autopsy room to maternity ward
• Lead to increased infection and death