Chapter 1 Flashcards
Rosa, a doctoral student in psychology, observes that one of her young study participants grimaces after taking a bite of broccoli. His facial expression is an example of ____.
a. a behavior
b. a psychosomatic response
c. an integrated mental process
d. introspection
a. a behavior
A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were highly anxious, fearful of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to record personal observations of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is called ____.
a. extroversion
b. objectivism
c. introspection
d. transference
c. introspection
Over the last 30 years, new methods have allowed psychologists to observe brain activity and revisit questions of mental processes. What element have these methods introduced to psychological research?
a. generalizability
b. subjectivity
c. conclusiveness
d. objectivity
d. objectivity
Psychology as a hub science tells us that ____.
a. psychological research is well-funded
b. the general population is intrigued by the study of human behavior
c. psychology is one of the oldest disciplines
d. many disciplines require an in-depth understanding of people
d. many disciplines require an in-depth understanding of people
Which of the following titles suggests monism?
a. Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, by John Berendt
b. Sense and Sensibility, by Jane Austen
c. We All Are One, by Jimmy Cliff
d. War and Peace, by Leo Tolstoy
c. We All Are One, by Jimmy Cliff
The relationship between behavior and biology is ____.
a. unilateral: biology affects behavior
b. unilateral: behavior affects biology
c. reciprocal: biology affects behavior and vice versa
d. mutually exclusive: biology and behavior function independently
c. reciprocal: biology affects behavior and vice versa
Contrary to popular belief during his time, Hermann von Helmholtz’s work on nerve conduction showed that ____.
a. different brain regions work together to integrate information
b. specific regions of the brain control specific behaviors
c. nerve conduction is quick and in all practicality, instantaneous
d. behavior is not instantaneous
d. behavior is not instantaneous
Jake trips; he knocks his elbow against the edge of the door jamb while simultaneously stubbing his toe on a chair. Based on the work of von Helmholtz’s, which of the following is likely to occur?
a. The intensity of the elbow pain is greater than that of the toe pain.
b. The intensity of pain for both the toe and elbow is equal.
c. He experiences the elbow pain before the toe pain.
d. He experiences the toe and elbow pain instantaneously.
c. He experiences the elbow pain before the toe pain.
Which of the following proverbs best describes Gestalt theory?
a. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link.
b. The more things change, the more they stay the same.
c. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
d. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
d. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Which of the following is least likely to be an example of classical conditioning?
a. A child hears a police siren for the first time and cries.
b. A whiff of perfume on a crowded subway triggers a memory of a prior love.
c. A dog sits upon sight or smell of a treat.
d. A former soldier cringes at the sound of an airplane overhead.
a. A child hears a police siren for the first time and cries.
In Thorndike’s experiment on trial and error learning, the cat would escape a puzzle box faster and faster on progressive trials. In other words, the cat ____.
a. acquired faster nerve impulses on successive trials
b. became more physically fit
c. memorized the solution to the puzzle
d. repeated effective behaviors and abandoned ineffective ones
d. repeated effective behaviors and abandoned ineffective ones
Which of the following is an application of Skinner’s behaviorism?
a. Dr. Monson provides humane living conditions for the mice in his research laboratory.
b. Doug needs to lose a few pounds, and has a rule that if he eats a dessert, he must go for a five-mile run.
c. Sandra is learning a new surgical procedure by observing several operations performed by other physicians.
d. Dylan is delaying vaccinations for his young son because of his concerns regarding autism.
b. Doug needs to lose a few pounds, and has a rule that if he eats a dessert, he must go for a five-mile run.
Which of the following best represents a cognitive approach to childhood language learning?
a. Children acquire language in response to parental approval.
b. Children are born with distinct physical features that facilitate learning the language of their parents.
c. Children are born with innate mechanisms for learning language.
d. Children acquire language in response to being understood.
c. Children are born with innate mechanisms for learning language.
Which of the following is most likely to be the topic of research of a psychologist?
a. Did contagious yawning provide a survival advantage in early societies?
b. Do stress hormones due to abuse in early childhood affect the ability to form memories?
c. At what age can a child correctly separate the vocabulary and grammar of two languages?
d. Will a study participant obey an authority figure even in violation of her own moral code?
b. Do stress hormones due to abuse in early childhood affect the ability to form memories?
An evolutionary psychologist would be most interested in the question of ____.
a. whether gambling affects brain chemistry and fosters addiction
b. how best to assist a person to reduce a propensity to gamble
c. whether attraction to gambling varies over the lifespan
d. whether there is an adaptive reason why men tend to gamble more than women
d. whether there is an adaptive reason why men tend to gamble more than women
