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Forensic Science > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The scientific examination of physical evidence for legal purposes.

A

Criminalistics

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2
Q

Includes a psychological angle: studying the crime scene from motive, traits, and behavior that will help to interpret evidence.

A

Criminology

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3
Q

List the steps of the scientific method.

A
  1. ) observe a problem or question evidence and collect objective data
  2. ) consider a hypothesis or possible solution
  3. ) examined, test, and then analyze the evidence
  4. ) determine the significance of the evidence
  5. ) formulate a theory based on evaluation of significance of the evidence
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4
Q

List five departments commonly found in a crime lab.

A

Physical science unit, biology unit, firearms unit, document examination unit, photography unit

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5
Q

Where are the two basic crime lab areas from Marshall?

A

Effingham and Springfield

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6
Q

Crime labs can be government run at the federal state or local level , or they can be?

A

Private consulting business

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7
Q

List five of the specialty areas in forensics.

A
  1. ) forensic pathology
  2. ) forensic psychiatry
  3. ) geology
  4. ) polygraphy
  5. ) Cybertechnology
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8
Q

The FBI was established in?

A

1905

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9
Q

The federal rules of evidence that determine what evidence is excepted in court were enacted in what?

A

1975

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10
Q

The computerized A F I S was established by the FBI in what?

A

1996

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11
Q

The first FBI crime lab was created in?

A

1932

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12
Q

In 1900, human blood groups are identified by?

A

Karl Landsteiner

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13
Q

Locard formulate his principal in?

A

1904

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14
Q

What are some federal crime labs?

A

FBI, DEA, ATF, USPS

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15
Q

A group of professional investigators, each trained in a variety of special disciplines.

A

Crime scene team

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16
Q

What are some of the team members on the crime scene team?

A

The first police officer on the scene, medics, investigators, medical examiners, photographer , evidence technician

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17
Q

Written by the federal or state legislature?

Ex.??

A

Constitutional law- freedom of speech, freedom of religion

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18
Q

Written law based on the constitution, recognizes previous decisions as precedence, changes due to new decisions.
Ex.)??

A

Statutory law -constitution amendments

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19
Q

Developed by judges based on decisions from other cases; set by the Supreme Court.ex.)???

A

Common law – row versus Wade, Regas verse Palmer

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20
Q

Involves nonviolent conflicts related to property between individuals. Ex.)??

A

Civil law –malpractice suits, trespassing,divorces, annulments, wills, title transfers

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21
Q

Public law: regulation and enforcement of rights and offenses to society?

A

Criminal law

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22
Q

A petty offense? Ex.)??

A

Infraction. Littering jaywalking traffic tickets

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23
Q

Minor offense? Ex.)??

A

Misdemeanor. Theft, minor assault, drug possession, vandalism

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24
Q

Major offense? Ex.)??

A

Felony . —Murder, rape, I’m robbery, assault and battery, forgery, dealing in manufacturing drugs

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25
Q

Remedial or preventative methods not covered by common laws? What is in example?

A

Equity law. And example would be injunctions and restraining orders

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26
Q

Rules or laws established by governmental agencies? What is an example of that?

A

Administrative law. And example would be IRS and Social Security Aid

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27
Q

Related to crimes committed while enlisted in military branches? What is an example of that?

A

Military law. An example of that would be court-martials, crimes committed on foreign soil’s, murder on military bases.

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28
Q

What are the two court systems?

A

Federal court and state court

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29
Q

What courts are under the federal court?

A
  1. ) district court
  2. ) court of appeals
  3. ) district court
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30
Q

Courts are under the state court?

A

Trial court, Juvenile Court, Family Court, city courts, state Supreme Court

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31
Q

What is the power of court to hear a case?

A

Jurisdiction

32
Q

The right of a court to try case for the first time?

A

Original jurisdiction

33
Q

Right of a court to hear an appeal?

A

Appellate jurisdiction

34
Q

Restricted to hearing only certain types of cases in the court?

A

Subject matter

35
Q

Court hears cases only of crimes took place in a given area?

A

Geographical jurisdiction

36
Q

The surrendering of a suspected criminal to a different jurisdiction? it varies between the states and countries.

A

Extradition

37
Q

What are the seven steps in the justice system?

A
  1. ) preliminary hearing
  2. ) indictment
  3. ) arrest
  4. ) arraignment
  5. ) evidentiary hearing
  6. ) trial
  7. ) sentencing hearing
38
Q

In this prosecution presents the cases to determine if there is enough evidence for an arrest, discovery of evidence is provided. This must occur 48 hours after detainment.

A

Preliminary hearing

39
Q

Also called a grand jury – uses a panel of people determine for felonies, not required for state courts.

A

Indictment

40
Q

Read Miranda rights, booked , fingerprinted, photographed, and jailed; can involve a warrant.

A

Arrest

41
Q

Brought before the court to hear charges, enter a plea, check on a counsel, and have bond set.

A

Arraignment

42
Q

Introduces new evidence, determines jury, hears appeals.

A

Evidentiary hearing

43
Q

Evidence is presented by both the prosecution and defense, can be decided by the judge or jury?

A

Trial

44
Q

If found guilty during the trial, sets fines and jail terms, family members have a chance to speak.

A

Sentencing hearing

45
Q

Frye Standard vs United States was in?

A

1923

46
Q

In this the jury can decide whether the evidence has any significance to the case.

A

General Acceptance

47
Q

Daubert Ruling vs Merrel Dow pharmaceuticals was in?

A

1993— in this trial judge assumes the responsibility for admission in the evidence and validity. Must be testable inflow the substandards evidence endorses a classical definition of the scientific method that includes testing hypothesis estimate Siri and public a steering reviews

48
Q

What are the Miranda rights used for?

A

The Miranda rights are said to a criminal when they are arrested.

49
Q

In order for scientific evidence to be admitted in a court of law, it must be probative and materials

A

True

50
Q

This actually prove something?

A

Probabitive

51
Q

This address is an issue that is relevant to the particular crime

A

Material

52
Q

To prove a case of the what must be established?

A

“MMO”

53
Q

Person had a reason to do the crime ( not necessary to prove in a court of law)

A

Motive

54
Q

Person Had. the ability to do the crime

A

Means

55
Q

Person can be placed at the crime scene

A

Opportunity

56
Q

Who invented the Locard principal?

A

Edmond Locard

57
Q

Edmond Locard was what?

A

A French professor, he was considered the father of criminalistics, he built the world’s first forensic laboratory in France in 1910.

58
Q

What is the Locard exchange principal?

A

Whenever 2 objects come into contact with each other, there is always a transfer of material .

59
Q

The study and application of science to matters of law

A

Forensic science

60
Q

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes?

A

Chemistry

61
Q

The study of living organisms

A

Biology

62
Q

Study you have guns and explosives

A

Fire arms

63
Q

The age type of ink paper and all the other details of document

A

Document examination

64
Q

The study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms

A

Toxicology

65
Q

Examination of physical evidence

A

Criminalistics

66
Q

And imprint made by ridge patterns on the tip of my finger

A

Fingerprints

67
Q

Do use of a lie detector

A

Polygraphy

68
Q

Desiccation a sudden unexplained ultraviolet death

A

Pathobiology

69
Q

Rights by the Constitution that police must tell arrestees about, especially the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.

A

Maranda rights

70
Q

Money to guarantee appearance

A

Bail

71
Q

Type of jury with more than 12 jurors

A

Grand jury

72
Q

Secondhand testimony not admissible in criminal court

A

Hearsay

73
Q

Federal agency dealing with drugs?

A

DEA

74
Q

Originator of the rule that evidence is always exchange it on the counter

A

Locard

75
Q

The generally acceptance standards

A

Frye

76
Q

The revision of the FRYE standard

A

Dauberi

Forensic Science (2 decks)

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