Chapter 1 Flashcards
Emergency management personnel have the responsibility to
employ a systematic approach toward fire scene analysis, evidence collection and preservation, report generation, and data analysis.
The information generated by the work of these initial responders
is crucial to the conduct of an accurate fire investigation.
BLANK on the other hand, undermine the credibility of statistical data when conducting a fire trend analysis.
Incomplete scene examination or inaccurate reports
The credibility of the investigation system rests with the BLANK that seeks to systematically and objectively find the truth by adhering to standard procedures that create a record of the events that lead up to the fire and subsequent investigation.
proper employment of an investigative methodology
The cause of fire is the combination of 3 factors:
The type of fuel ignited
The form and source of the heat of ignition
An act or omission that allowed a fire to start
Careful BLANK on innocuous-appearing fire events will allow the department to analyze fire experience inside of their jurisdiction.
investigative procedures and including reports
BLANK on the scene have the best opportunity to observe the nature and behavior of the fire during suppression operations.
Firefighters
A professionally conducted fire investigation should seek to identify the following:
The point of origin
The cause
Flame, heat and smoke spread characteristics within the structure
Who of what was responsible for the fire
Were unusual hazards or dangerous conditions presented to the firefighters
What corrective actions can be recommended as a result of the investigation
BLANK are responsible for delivering effective safety and health programs that address potential hazards that erps may encounter
Organizations
The level of protection required is determined by BLANK that can be anticipated during the investigation.
the scene and the hazards
A minimum level of protection must always be met:
protection for the head;
eyes,
hands and
feet
There should be constant vigilance in monitoring the
atmosphere and the structural conditions.
It is essential that ERP be trained both to
recognize the level of hazard present and to use safety equipment properly.
All bunker coats and trousers should meet the standards set forth in
NFPA 1971
Flame retardant coveralls should meet
NFPA 1975
BLANK must be one of the first concerns of ERPs
head protection
THe most important characteristics of BLANK are the protection they provide against heat or cold penetration and their resistance to cuts, punctures, and liquid permeation.
gloves
The particular toxic gases that may be found at fire and explosion sites vary according to four common factors:
Nature of the combustible,
Rate of heating,
Temperature of the evolved gases,
Oxygen concentration
These devices are used to test the atmosphere
Multi-gas personal detector, Detector tubes, Combustible gas indicators, Multi-specific gas detectors, Radiation detectors
Three types of harmful radiation
Alpha particles
Beta particles
Gamma rays
BLANK usually does not penetrate beyond clothing or the outer layer of the skin.
Alpha particle radiation
BLANK causes burning on the skin surface and damage to the subsurface skin circulatory system.
Beta radiation
BLANK passes through clothing and tissue causing severe, permanent injury to the body.
Gamma radiation
A hazardous material as defined by 49 CFR 171.8 is
A substance or material, including a hazardous substance, that has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated.
The priority is
self protection.
HIV is perhaps the most publicized disease affecting the ERP, however BLANK poses a more significant threat.
Hepatitis B
BLANK must be treated as if known to be infectous
ALL body fluids
All ways use BLANK when exposed to potentially infectious materials.
gloves, coveralls, and shoe covers
The on-scene investigation, while separate from the actual job of mitigation of the fire scene, remains a part of the incident, and therefore falls within the scope of
incident management
The ERP must always be aware of two BLANK from any location within the fire ground.
exits
BLANK is critical to the safety of all emergency response personnel.
structural stability
When interior lighting is necessary, it is usually best provided by
using portable lights powered by a generator.
It is very important that flashlights be approved
for use in a hazardous atmosphere.
Inspect apparatus fuel storage areas at least BLANK to ensure that leaks have not developed.
weekly
BLANK is the process of removing an atmosphere that may be contaminated with toxic by products of combustion.
ventilation
It is important to recognize that the crowd that gathers to witness emergency operations may not be composed entirely of
bystanders
The addition of the resulting BLANK to an already weakened structure can cause an inexpected collapse resulting in injury or death even hours after the initial fire or explosion.
dead load
BLANK should be marked off or barricaded to prevent ERPs from falling and becoming injured.
hazard areas.
These locations should be cordoned off using scene or biological hazard tape.
cesspools, farm manure, drainage ditches
Many of these practices are mandated by goverment occupational health and safety regulations and may carry such penalties for their breach as fines, imprisonment, and/or exposure to lability.
safety issues
When conducting emergency scene operations, BLANK is of primary importance.
personal safety
A scene analysis determines
the level of personal protective equipment necessary to safely begin the origin and cause determination.
It is essential that all personnel involved with operations at the emergency scene work within the BLANK and stay within a direct chain of command.
Incident Management System
All established BLANK must be followed.
health and safety guidelines
Blank must also be established and maintained to ensure a safe environment for ERPs.
Scene security and structural integrity
ERPs must continually be aware of the inherently dangerous conditions that may pose a threat to their health and safety. These include:
a terrorist attack or secondary devices involving explosives, biological agents, and weapons of mass destruction.
