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Chemistry Honors > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

the study of the composition, sturcture, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes

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2
Q

Chemical

A

any substance that has a definite composition

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3
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

the study of most carbon-containing compounds

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4
Q

Inorganice Chemistry

A

the study of all substances not classified as organic, mainly those compounds that do not contain carbon

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5
Q

Physical Chemistry

A

the study of the properties changes, and relationships between energy and matter

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6
Q

Analytical Chemistry

A

the identification of the components and composition of materials

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7
Q

Biochemistry

A

the study of substances and processes occurring in living things

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8
Q

Theoretical Chemistry

A

the use of mathematics and computers to design and predict the properties of new compounds

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9
Q

Basic Research

A
  • carried out for the sake of increading knowledge

- result=chance discoveries

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10
Q

Applied Research

A

-carried out to solve a specifc problem

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11
Q

Technology vs. Science

A

Technology is the use of scientific knowledge to produce products that improve our quality of life (application of science)

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12
Q

Mass

A

a measure of the amount of matter present

measures in grams

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13
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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14
Q

Atom

A

the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element

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15
Q

Element

A
  • a pure substance made of only one kind of atom
  • on periodic table
  • cannot be reduced into simpler building blocks of matter
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16
Q

Compound

A
  • a substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded
  • compound=molecules
  • can be broken down into simpler components by an ordinary chemical change
  • have specific chemical formulas and chemical names
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17
Q

Extensive Properties

A

depend on the amount of matter that is present

18
Q

Intensive Properties

A

do not depend on the amounf of matter present

19
Q

Physical Property

A

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

20
Q

Physical Change

A

a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

21
Q

Change of State

A

a physical change of a substance from one state to another

22
Q

Solid

A

when matter has a difinite volume and definite shape

23
Q

Liquid

A

when matter has a definite volume but an indefinite shape

24
Q

Gas

A

when matter has neither a definite volume nor definite state

25
Q

Chemical Property

A

relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

26
Q

Chemical Change/Reacction

A

a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

27
Q

Reactants

A

the substances that react in a chemical change

28
Q

Products

A

the substances that are formed by the chemical change

29
Q

Mixture

A
  • composed of more than one substance
  • typically vary in composition from one sample to another sample
  • further categorized by uniformity and properties of the sample
  • a blend/combination of two or more kinds of matter, each retaining its own identity and properties
30
Q

Pure Substance

A

has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in the following ways:

  1. Every sample of a pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties
  2. Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition
  • composed of one substance and has the same composistion throughout
  • Homogeneous-only one substance
31
Q

Groups/Families

A

the vertical columns of the periodic table

32
Q

Periods

A

the horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table

33
Q

Metal

A

an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity

34
Q

Nonmetal

A

an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

35
Q

Metalloid

A

an element that has some characteristics of metals ans some characteristics of nonmetals

36
Q

Noble Gases

A

Group 18 (far right)-generally unreactive and gases at room temperature

37
Q

Volume

A

The 3-D space occupied by matter

measured in mL, L, cm^3

38
Q

Properties of Matter

A

boiling point, melting point, density, solubility, polarity, freezing point

39
Q

Homogeneous Mixture (solution)

A
  • Homo=samt; looks the same throughout
  • well blended, uniform consistency
  • cannot see the individual components that make up the mixture with the naked eye
40
Q

Hetergeneous Mixture

A
  • Heter=different; looks different throughout substance
  • not uniform throughout, each sample may differ
  • indivdual components of the mixtrue are visible
41
Q

Separation Techniques

A

Filtration, chromatography, distilation, centrifuge, magnetism, mechanical methods

Chemistry Honors (1 decks)

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