Chapter 1

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

the study of the composition, sturcture, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes

Question 2

Chemical

Answer 2

any substance that has a definite composition

Question 3

Organic Chemistry

Answer 3

the study of most carbon-containing compounds

Question 4

Inorganice Chemistry

Answer 4

the study of all substances not classified as organic, mainly those compounds that do not contain carbon

Question 5

Physical Chemistry

Answer 5

the study of the properties changes, and relationships between energy and matter

Question 6

Analytical Chemistry

Answer 6

the identification of the components and composition of materials

Question 7

Biochemistry

Answer 7

the study of substances and processes occurring in living things

Question 8

Theoretical Chemistry

Answer 8

the use of mathematics and computers to design and predict the properties of new compounds

Question 9

Basic Research

Answer 9

• carried out for the sake of increading knowledge

- result=chance discoveries

Question 10

Applied Research

Answer 10

-carried out to solve a specifc problem

Question 11

Technology vs. Science

Answer 11

Technology is the use of scientific knowledge to produce products that improve our quality of life (application of science)

Question 12

Mass

Answer 12

a measure of the amount of matter present

measures in grams

Question 13

Matter

Answer 13

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 14

Atom

Answer 14

the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element

Question 15

Element

Answer 15

• a pure substance made of only one kind of atom
• on periodic table
• cannot be reduced into simpler building blocks of matter

Question 16

Compound

Answer 16

• a substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded
• compound=molecules
• can be broken down into simpler components by an ordinary chemical change
• have specific chemical formulas and chemical names

Question 17

Extensive Properties

Answer 17

depend on the amount of matter that is present

Question 18

Intensive Properties

Answer 18

do not depend on the amounf of matter present

Question 19

Physical Property

Answer 19

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

Question 20

Physical Change

Answer 20

a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

Question 21

Change of State

Answer 21

a physical change of a substance from one state to another

Question 22

Solid

Answer 22

when matter has a difinite volume and definite shape

Question 23

Liquid

Answer 23

when matter has a definite volume but an indefinite shape

Question 24

Gas

Answer 24

when matter has neither a definite volume nor definite state

Question 25

Chemical Property

Answer 25

relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

Question 26

Chemical Change/Reacction

Answer 26

a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

Question 27

Reactants

Answer 27

the substances that react in a chemical change

Question 28

Products

Answer 28

the substances that are formed by the chemical change

Question 29

Mixture

Answer 29

- composed of more than one substance - typically vary in composition from one sample to another sample - further categorized by uniformity and properties of the sample - a blend/combination of two or more kinds of matter, each retaining its own identity and properties

Question 30

Pure Substance

Answer 30

has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in the following ways: 1. Every sample of a pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties 2. Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition - composed of one substance and has the same composistion throughout - Homogeneous-only one substance

Question 31

Groups/Families

Answer 31

the vertical columns of the periodic table

Question 32

Periods

Answer 32

the horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table

Question 33

Metal

Answer 33

an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Question 34

Nonmetal

Answer 34

an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

Question 35

Metalloid

Answer 35

an element that has some characteristics of metals ans some characteristics of nonmetals

Question 36

Noble Gases

Answer 36

Group 18 (far right)-generally unreactive and gases at room temperature

Question 37

Volume

Answer 37

The 3-D space occupied by matter | measured in mL, L, cm^3

Question 38

Properties of Matter

Answer 38

boiling point, melting point, density, solubility, polarity, freezing point

Question 39

Homogeneous Mixture (solution)

Answer 39

- Homo=samt; looks the same throughout - well blended, uniform consistency - cannot see the individual components that make up the mixture with the naked eye

Question 40

Hetergeneous Mixture

Answer 40

- Heter=different; looks different throughout substance - not uniform throughout, each sample may differ - indivdual components of the mixtrue are visible

Question 41

Separation Techniques

Answer 41

Filtration, chromatography, distilation, centrifuge, magnetism, mechanical methods