Chapter 1 Flashcards
Psychology refers to the study of
mind and behavior
Mind refers to
internal states and processes such as thoughts and feelings
Behavior refers to
actions and responses
Clinical psychology
The study and treatment of mental disorders
cognitive psychology
The study of mental processes
Biopsychology/neuroscience
Focuses on the biological underpinning of behavior
Developmental Psychology
Examines human psychical,psychological, and social development
Experimental Psychology
Focuses on basic processes as learning, sensory system, perception and motivational state
I/O Psychology
Examine’s people’s behavior in workforce, also studies leadership, motivation and such
Personality Psychology
Study of human personality
Social psychology
Examine’s people’s thoughts, feelings and behaviour pertaining to the social world
Mental shortcut
they serve us poorly and we often take them
Many factors in real life may operate simultaneously to influence behaviour, we may fail to _______
consider alternative explanations
Confirmation bias
Selectively paying attention to information that is consistent with out beliefs
Science is….
self-correcting process
Goals of Psychology
- Describe how people and animals behave
- Explain the causes of the behaviours
- Predict behaviours in specific situations
- Influence or control behaviour
Basic research
Quest for knowledge
Applied research
Solve specific practical problems
Level of analysis
Biological, psychological, and environmental
Mind-body dualism
belief that the mind is a spiritual entity not subject to physical laws that govern our body (Rene Descarte)
Monism
Mind and body are one (Thomas Hobbes)
Structualism
Mind could be studied by breaking it down to its basic components (Wundt and Titchner)
Functionalism
We should study the functions of consciousness rather than its structure (James)
Psychodynamic Perspective
searches for the causes of behaviour within the inner workings of our personality (Freud)
Psychoanalysis
The analysis of internal and primarily unconcious psychological forces (Freud)
Behaviourism
Humans react to the environment (Skinner)
Cognitive behaviorism
Learning experiences and the environment affect our behavior by giving us the information we need to behave effectively
Humanistic perspective
emphasizes free will, personal growth, and the attempt to find meaning in one’s existence
Positive psychology
emphasizes the study of human strengths, fulfillment, and optimal living
Self-actualization
Maslow believed that everyone had an inner force to reach one’s full potential
Cognitive
Examines nature of the mind and how mental processes influence behaviour
Gestalt Psychology
Examined how the mind organizes elements of experience into a unifed or whole perception -“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”
Socioculture
Examines social environment and cultural learning influence our behaviour, thoughts and feelings
Biological
examines how brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behaviour
