Chapter 1 Flashcards
a-
an-
no, not, without
aut-
auto-
self, own
dia-
through, complete
end-
endo-
within
epi-
above, upon
ex-
exo-
out, outside of, outward
hyper-
excessive, above, more than normal
hypo-
deficient, below, under, less than normal
in-
into, in
peri-
surrounding, around
pro-
before, forward
re-
back, backward, again
retro-
behind
sub-
below, under
trans-
across, through
aden/o
gland
arthr/o
joint
bi/o
life
carcin/o
cancerous, cancer
cardi/o
heart
cephal/o
head
cerebr/o
cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
cis/o
to cut
crin/o
to secrete (to form and give off)
cyst/o
urinary bladder; a sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)
cyt/o
cell
derm/o
dermat/o
skin
electro/o
electricity
encephal/o
brain
enter/o
intestines (usually the small intestine)
erythr/o
red
gastr/o
stomach
glyc/o
sugar
gnos/o
knowledge
gynec/o
woman, female
hemat/o
hem/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
iatr/o
treatment, physician
leuk/o
white
log/o
study of
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
onc/o
tumor
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
path/o
disease
ped/o
child
psych/o
mind
radi/o
x-rays
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
sect/o
to cut
thromb/o
clot, clotting
ur/o
urinary tract, urine
- ac
- al
- ic
- ical
pertaining to
-algia
pain
-cyte
cell
-ectomy
excision, removal
-emia
blood condition
-genic
pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in
-globin
protein
-gram
record
-ion
process
-ist
specialist
-itis
inflammation
-logy
process of study
-oma
tumor, mass, swelling
-opsy
process of viewing
-osis
condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells)
-pathy
disease condition
-scope
instrument to visually examine
-scopy
process of visually examining with an endoscope
-sis
state of; condition
-tomy
process of cutting, incision
-y
process, condition
Word beginnings are called
prefixes
Word endings are called
suffixes
The foundation of a word is known as the
root
A letter linking a suffic and a root, or linking two roots, in a term is the
combining vowel
The combination of a root and a combining vowel is known as the
combining form
Give the meaning of the entire term:
cerebral
cerebr/al
pertaining to the cerebrum, or largest part of the brain
Give the meaning of the entire term:
biopsy
bi/opsy
process of viewing life
(removal of living tissue and viewing it under a microscope)
Give the meaning of the entire term:
adenitis
aden/itis
inflammation of a gland
Give the meaning of the entire term:
cephalic
cephal/ic
pertaining to the head
Give the meaning of the entire term:
carcinoma
carcin/oma
tumor that is cancerous
Give the meaning of the entire term:
cystoscopy
cyst/o/scopy
process of visually examining the urinary bladder
Give the meaning of the entire term:
electrocardiogram
electr/o/cardi/o/gram
record of the electricity in the heart
Give the meaning of the entire term:
cardiology
cardi/o/logy
the process of the study of heart
Give the meaning of the entire term:
electroencephalogram
electr/o/encephal/o/gram
recoard of the electricity in the brain
Give the meaning of the entire term:
dermatitis
dermat/itis
inflammation of the skin
Give the meaning of the entire term:
arthroscopy
arthr/o/scopy
process of visual examination of a joint
Give the meaning of the entire term:
cytology
cyt/o/logy
the process of the study of cells
Give the medical term for:
white blood cells
leukocyte
Give the medical term for:
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
Give the medical term for:
pertaining to being produced by treatment
iatrogenic
Give the medical term for:
study of kidneys
nephrology
Give the medical term for:
red blood cell
erythrocyte
Give the medical term for:
mass of blood
hematoma
Give the medical term for:
process of viewing living tissue (using a microscope):
biopsy
Give the medical term for:
pain of nerves
neuralgia
Give the medical term for:
process of visual examination of the eye
ophthalmoscopy
Give the medical term for:
inflammation of the small intestine
enteritis
Give the meaning of the entire term:
ophthalmoscopy
ophthalm/o/scopy
the process of visual examination of th eye
Give the meaning of the entire term:
ophthalmoscope
ophthalm/o/scope
instrument to visually examine the eye
Give the meaning of the entire term:
oncology
the study of tumors
Give the meaning of the entire term:
osteitis
oste/itis
inflammation of the bone
Give the meaning of the entire term:
psychosis
psych/o/sis
abnormal condition of the mind
Give the meaning of the entire term:
thrombocyte
thromb/o/cyte
clotting cell (platelet)
Give the meaning of the entire term:
renal
ren/al
pertaining to the kidneys
Give the meaning of the entire term:
nephrectomy
nephr/ectomy
removal (excision or resection) of the kidney
Give the meaning of the entire term:
osteotomy
oste/o/tomy
incision of (process of cuttin into) a bone
Give the meaning of the entire term:
resection
resect/ion
process of cutting back (in the sense of “cutting out” or removal)
Give the meaning of the entire term:
carcinogenic
carcin/o/genic
pertaining to producing cancerous
Give the meaning of the entire term:
sarcoma
sarc/oma
tumor of the flesh (cancerous tumor of flesh tissue, such as bone, fat, and muscle)
When Paul smoked cigarettes, he inhaled a ___________________ substance with each puff.
carcinogenic
Sally’s sore throat, fever, and chills made her doctor order a white blood cell count. The results, indicating infection, showed a slight increase in normal cells, a condition called, ________________.
leukocytosis
Mr. Smith’s liver enlarged, givinghim abdominal pain. HIs radiologic tests and biopsy revealed a malignant tumor, or ________________.
hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma)
Mrs. Rose complained of pain in her hip joints, knees, and shoulders each morning. She was told that she had painful joints, or ___________.
arthralgia
Dr. Black was trained to treat disorders of the pancreas, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland. Thus, he was an expert in the _____________ glands.
endocrine
Ms. Walsh told her doctor she had pain when urinating. After tests, the doctor’s diagnosis was inflammation of the urinary bladder, or ________________.
cystitis
Elizabeth’s overhead tennis shot hit David in the thigh, producing a large ________________. His skin looked bruised and was tender.
hematoma
Mr. Bell’s white blood cell count is 10 times higher than normal. Examination of his blood shows cancerous white blood cells. His diagnosis is ____________.
leukemia
Mr. Kay was resuscitated (revived from potential or apparent death) in the emergency department after experiencing a heart attack. Unfortunately, he suffered a broken rib as a result of the physician’s chest compressions. This is an example of a/an _____________ fracture.
iatrogenic
After coming back from a trip during which he had eaten unfamiliar foods, Mr. Cameron had a disease of his intestines called __________.
enteropathy
Give the meaning of the entire term:
diagnosis
dia/gnos/is
complete knowledge; a decision about the nature of the patient’s condition after the appropriate tests are done
Give the meaning of the entire term:
prognosis
pro/gnos/is
before knowledge; a prediction about the outcome of treatment, given after the diagnosis
Give the meaning of the entire term:
subhepatic
sub/hepat/ic
pertaining to below the liver; a combining vowel is not needed between the prefix and the root
Give the meaning of the entire term:
pericardium
peri/cardium
the membrane surrounding the heart
Give the meaning of the entire term:
hyperglycemia
hyper/glyc/emia
condition of excessive sugar in the blood
Give the meaning of the entire term:
hypodermic
hypo/derm/ic
pertaining to under the skin
Give the meaning of the entire term:
epigastric
epi/gastr/ic
pertaining to above the stomach
Give the meaning of the entire term:
resection
re/sect/ion
the process of cutting back
Give the meaning of the entire term:
hypoglycemia
hypo/glyc/emia
condition of deficient (low) sugar in the blood
Give the meaning of the entire term:
anemia
an/em/ia
condition of low numbers of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or deficient hemoglobin in these cells.
Notice that the root in this term is em, which is shortened from hem, meaning blood.
