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PSYCO 333 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

The set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that is organized and relatively enduring and that influences his or her interactions with, and adaptions to, the environment.

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2
Q

What are traits?

A

An individual’s average tendencies to behave, think, and react in a certain way.

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3
Q

What are the four questions asked in personality trait research?

A

How many fundamental traits are there? How are traits organized? What are the origins of traits? What are the corrections and consequences of traits?

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4
Q

What are psychological mechanisms?

A

Like traits, but mechanisms refer more to the processes of personality.

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5
Q

What are three things that personality traits influence?

A

How we think, act, and feel.

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6
Q

What are the four parts of person-environment interaction?

A

Perceptions, selection, evocations, and manipulations.

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7
Q

What are perceptions as they relate to person-environment interaction?

A

How we interpret the environment.

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8
Q

What is selection as it relates to person-environment interaction?

A

How we choose which situations to enter.

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9
Q

What are evocations as they relate to person-environment interaction?

A

The reactions we produce in others.

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10
Q

What are manipulations as they relate to person-environment interaction?

A

The ways in which we intentionally attempt to influence others.

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11
Q

What is adaptive functioning about?

A

Accomplishing goals, coping, adjusting, and dealing with the challenges of life.

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12
Q

What are the three types of challenge in the environment?

A

Physical, social, and intrapsychic.

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13
Q

What are some examples of physical challenges?

A

Food shortages, climate, other threats to survival.

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14
Q

What are some examples of social challenges?

A

Struggle for belonging, love, ad esteem.

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15
Q

What are intrapsychic challenges?

A

Private experiences such as self-esteem.

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16
Q

What are the 3 levels of personality analytics?

A

Human nature (universals), individual and group differences (particulars), and individual uniqueness (individuality).

17
Q

What are 2 examples on the universal level of personality analytics?

A

The need to belong; the capacity for love.

18
Q

What are 2 examples of the particular level of personality analytics?

A

Variation in the need to belong; sex differences in aggression.

19
Q

What are 2 examples of the individuality level of personality analytics?

A

Unique ways of expressing love; unique ways of expression aggression.

20
Q

What are the two ways that individual uniqueness can be measured?

A

Nomothetically (bell curve) or ideographically (case studies).

21
Q

What are the two groups of personality research?

A

Grand theories of personality and contemporary research in personality.

22
Q

What are grand theories of personality?

A

Theories which attempt to provide a universal account of fundamental psychological processes and characteristics of our species.

23
Q

What is contemporary research in personality?

A

Research addressing the ways in which people and groups differ.

24
Q

What are the 6 domains of knowledge?

A

Dispositional, biological, intrapsychic, cognitive-experimental, social/cultural, and adjustment.

25
Q

What are the 3 reasons for theories?

A

To serve as a guide for researchers, to organize known findings, and to make predictions about behaviour and phenomena that no one has yet documented.

26
Q

What is the dispositional domain?

A

Deals with ways in which individuals differ from one another, focusing on fundamental dispositions.

27
Q

What is the biological domain?

A

There is a core assumption that humans are collections of biological systems and these systems provide building blocks for behaviour, thought, and emotion.

28
Q

What is the intrapsychic domain?

A

Deals with mental mechanisms of personality, many of which operate outside conscious awareness.

29
Q

What is the cognitive-experimental domain?

A

Focuses on cognition and subjective experience, such as conscious thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and desires about oneself and others.

30
Q

What is the social and cultural domain?

A

Assumes that personality affects and is affected by cultural and social contexts.

31
Q

What is the adjustment domain?

A

Assumes that personality plays a key role in how we cope, adapt, and adjust to events in daily life.

PSYCO 333 (2 decks)

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