Chapter 1 Flashcards
The increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world.
globalization
The legitimate use of force to control human behavior; also, the organization or agency authorized to exercise that force.
government
A political entity’s externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.
national soverignty
The rule of law to preserve life and protect property. (This is the oldest purpose of government.)
order
The belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual pursuits.
liberalism
A political system in which, in theory, ownership of all land and productive facilities is in the hands of the people, and all goods are equally shared. The production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian government.
communism
Benefits and services, such as parks and sanitation, that benefit all citizens but are not likely to be produced voluntarily by individuals.
public goods
An absence of constraints on behavior (deals with speech, religion, etc.)
freedom of
Immunity (deals with want, etc.)
freedom from
The authority of a government to maintain order and safeguard citizens’ health, morals, safety, and welfare.
police power
Equality in political decision making: one vote per person, with all votes counted equally.
political equality
Equality in wealth, education, and status.
social equality
The idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life.
equality of opportunity
The concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and social equality is actually achieved.
equality of outcome
The benefits of government to which every citizen is entitled.
rights
A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government.
political ideology
A political philosophy that advocates unlimited power for the government to enable it to control all sectors of society.
totalitarianism
A form of rule in which the central government plays a strong role in regulating existing private industry and directing the economy, although it does allow some private ownership of productive capacity.
socialism
A political ideology that is opposed to all government action except as necessary to protect life and property.
libertarianism
Those who are opposed to using government to promote either order or equality.
libertarians
An economic doctrine that opposes any form of government intervention in business.
laissez faire
Those who are willing to use government to promote freedom but not order.
liberals
A political philosophy that opposes government in any form.
anarchy
Those who are willing to use the government to promote order but not equality.
conservatives
Those who are willing to use government to promote order and equality.
communitarians
