Chapter 1 Flashcards
Manual Resuscitators are commonly referred to as what?
- bags
- AMBU Bag ( Air Mask Bag Unit)
Manual Resuscitators are used for short term artificial ventilation during what situations?
- transport of ventilated patients
- application of positive pressure breaths or hyperinflation and oxygenation during suctioning, ventilator malfunction, and cough assisting
- assist spontaneously breathing patient
- fully support the apneic patient
- most importantly used during respiratory or cardiac arrest
There is two types of manual resuscitators. What are they called?
- Flow-inflating
- Self- inflating
List the characteristics of a flow-inflating bag.
- Anesthesia Bag
- Gas flow inflate bag
- O2 fills bag when tail pinched (older models)
- Breath is given to the patient by compressing the bag
- When released, exhaled gas flows out through tail of bag
- Offer little resistance when compressed
- Easier to assess patient compliance
True or False: Do self inflating bags inflate without gas flow?
TRUE
Self- inflating bags are classified by type of nonbreathing valves, which are they?
- Spring loaded mechanism
- Diaphragm Valve
- duckbill
- Leaf valve
Explain how the spring-loaded mechanism valve works?
When compressed, spring pushes ball or disk against the exhalation port, occluding it, and gas is directed to patient’s airway.
once the flow from the bag stops, the exhalation port opens, and gas exhaled by the patient is vented to the atmosphere
Describe how the diaphragm valve-duckbill operates?
Compression of bag pushes diaphragm against exhalation port.
On expiration, diaphragm is pushed away from exhalation port.
Describe how the diaphragm valve-leaf operates?
Compression of bag swells diaphragm and occludes the exhalation port.
The leaf valve in the middle of the diaphragm is pushed open, and gas is directed to the patient.
During exhalation, bag re-expands, creating a negative pressure that causes the diaphragm to move away from the exhalation ports
All manual resuscitator bags have the same size connectors what is the (ID:OD)?
15:22
Most manual resuscitators have what type of an adapter?
PEEP Valve
Positive End Expiratory Pressure
What does ID stand for?
Internal Diameter 15mm Connector
What does OD stand for?
Outer Diameter 22mm Connector
Which are types of manual resuscitators?
- Self-inflating
- Flow-inflating
What does Cardiac Arrest mean?
- Patient stops breathing and heart stops beating
What does Respiratory Arrest mean?
- Patient stops breathing but the their heart is still beating
What type of manual resuscitator bag do you use for a neonate?
- About 90 mL; pop off 40 cmH2O + or - 5
What size of manual resuscitator would you use on a infant?
About 290 mL; pop off 40 cmH2O + or - 5
What size of manual resuscitators do you use on pediatric patient?
About 500 mL; pop off 40 cmH2O + or - 10
What size manual resuscitator do you use on an adult?
About 800 mL; No pop off
What are the methods to increase the FIO2 on a manual resuscitator?
- use O2
- Increase O2 flow
- Add reservoir
- Bag Slower
- Bag one-handed
What are the methods used to decrease the FIO2 on a manual resuscitator?
- use room air
- decrease O2 flow
- no reservoir
- bag faster
- bag two-handed
What are the methods used to increase the PaO2 on manual resuscitators?
- Increase the FIO2
- Add PEEP Valve
Applying a face mask is the most difficult skill. Proper positioning and securing an airtight seal with a face mask. What is the secret to securing a proper seal with a mask?
- select a proper size mask
- positions the patients head
- adjusting the seal
- fitting the mask to the face
- securing the mask in place
Masks are constructed of transparent plastic or vinyl. There is three parts to the face mask. What are they?
- Body
- Seal
- Connector
List the proper technique to bagging.
- Place bridge of the mask over bridge of patients nose
- Place thumb of left hand over bridge of mask, above the mask connector
- place index finger, opposite thumb, below connector so that it rest just above the mask cushion
- position chin portion of mask over front lower jaw, keeping mask in a straight line
- place 3 fingers (middle, ring,, and pinky) along the ridge of mandible
- secure mask by lifting jaw, causing hyperextension
What are the hazards of bagging?
- Delivery of excessively high airway pressures (most common)
(resulting from non rebreathing valve being stuck in the inspiratory position, squeezing bag during exhalation, obstruction of exhalation port)
What are the hazards of baggging?
-Defective orr malfunctioning non rebreathing valve
Causes inspiratory leaks, low tidal volumes delivered
What are the hazards of bagging?
Improperly set pressure relief valve
barotrauma
What does BVM stand for?
Bag,Valve, Mask
In order to deliver as high of a concentration of oxygen as possible what must one do?
- use high input flow
- use the longest possible refill time
- connect to oxygen
if a patient a neck or spinal cord injury what type of head position will you use for bagging?
Modified Jaw thrust
What is the type of position do you use when bagging on a normal patient with no neck or spinal cord injuries?
head tilt and chin lift
What is sileck manuever?
push the cricoid in which pushes the trachea against the esophagus allowing air to only go to the lungs not the stomach. which prevents gastric distention.
