Chapter 1

Question 1

What are the two major roots of psychology?

Answer 1

Natural sciences and philosophy

Question 2

Biggest debate in early psychology

Answer 2

Did human behavior result from biological factors(nature) or environmental factors (nurture)

Question 3

Argued nature affected human behavior

Answer 3

Plato-nativist; knowledge was innate/inborn

Question 4

Believed the environment affected human behavior

Answer 4

Aristotle-empiricist; knowledge is gained from sensory experiences
John Locke-mind was “blank slate” at birth, knowledge gained through experiences

Question 5

Hermann Von Helmholtz

Answer 5

Established the mind is something that can be studied scientifically
Takes time for the mind to process physical signals

Question 6

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 6

“First psychologist”

Conducted first psychological experiment (on reaction time)

Question 7

Structuralism

Answer 7

Looking for smallest elements of mental experience

Founded by titchener

Question 8

William James

Answer 8

Challenged titchener based on Darwin
Coined term “stream of consciousness”
Chief proponent of functionalism

Question 9

What is psychology?

Answer 9

Study of the psyche

• affect(emotion)
• behavior
• cognition(thought)

Question 10

Gestalt psychology

Answer 10

Believed breaking a “whole” into its building blocks would result in loss of important psychological information

Question 11

Functionalism

Answer 11

Approach that saw behavior as purposeful and contributing to survival

Question 12

Medical model of psychology

Answer 12

Emphasized physical causes of abnormal behavior and medical treatments, such as medication

Question 13

Humanistic psychology

Answer 13

Belief that people are innately good, are motivated to improve themselves, and only behave badly when corrupted by society

Abraham Maslow

Question 14

Client-centered psychology

Answer 14

Developed by Carl Rogers

People receiving treatment are called clients rather than patients

Question 15

Behaviorism

Answer 15

The study and careful measurement of observable behaviors

Question 16

John B. Watson

Answer 16

Blank slate
“Give me a dozen healthy infants…”
Used appealing images (women) for advertising

Question 17

Biological psychology

Answer 17

Psychological perspective that focuses on the relationships between mind and behavior, as well as their underlying biological processes, including genetics, biochemistry, anatomy and physiology

Question 18

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 18

Investigates how physical structure and behavior have been shaped by their contributions to survival and reproduction

Question 19

Cognitive psychology

Answer 19

Investigates information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving

Question 20

Social psychology

Answer 20

Psychological perspective that examines the effects of the social environment on the behavior of individuals

Question 21

Developmental psychology

Answer 21

Psychological perspective that examines the normal changes in behavior that occur across the life span.

Question 22

Clinical psychology

Answer 22

Psychological perspective that seeks to explain, define, and treat normal behaviors