Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What two disciplines influenced the emergence of psychology?

A

Philosophy and Physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who established psychology as a distinct scientific discipline?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were the first two schools of psychology and who was associated with them?

A

Structuralism and Functionalism

Edward Titchener and William James

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did structuralism emphasize?

A

Structuralism emphasized that our most complex conscious experiences could be broken down into elemental structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did functionalism stress the importance of?

A

Functionalism stressed the importance of how behavior functions to allow people and animals to adapt to their environments. Introspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name four students who were influenced by William James and their accomplishments

A

G. Stanley Hall - founded first psychology research lab
Mary Calkins - First woman president of APA
Margaret Washburn - First woman to earn PHD in psychology
Francis Sumner - First African American to earn PHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who founded psychoanalysis and what did the theory focus on?

A

Sigmund Freud - The theory focused on the role of unconscious conflicts in determining behavior and personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Behaviorism focus on and what did it reject?

A

Behaviorism focused on overt behavior which is observable behavior that could be objectively measured and verified. Behaviorism rejected the emphasis on consciousness promoted by structuralism and functionalism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who were the main proponents of behaviorism?

A

Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
B. F. Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did humanistic psychology emphasize and who were its two major advocates?

A

Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic Psychology emphasized the conscious experiences of people and self direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A psychologist who stresses the importance of how behavior enables organisms to adapt to their environment would be classified as belonging to which school of psychology?

A

Functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dr. Levine adheres to the theory that emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in determining behavior and personality. Which school of psychology is this consistent with?

A

Psychoanalysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Main emphasis of behaviorism?

A

Environmental influences and overt measurable behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Main emphasis of Humanistic Psychology

A

Conscious experience
Psychological growth
Self direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe interactive dualism

A

Rene Descartes promoted the idea that the mind and body are separate entities that interact to produce sensations, emotions, and other conscious experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe nature-nurture issue

A

Focuses on the question of the degree to which heredity and environment influence the development of human abilities such as intelligence and personality characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who was G. Stanley Hall?

A

American psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association

18
Q

What is introspection?

A

Introspection is looking forward in an attempt to reconstruct feelings and sensations experienced immediately after viewing a stimulus object

19
Q

What is humanistic psychology?

A

Humanistic psychology is a school of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes each persons unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction

20
Q

Who was John b. Watson?

A

He was an American psychologist who founded the school of behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable behavior and rejecting the study of mental processes

21
Q

What is functionalism?

A

Functionalism is an early school of psychology that emphasizes studying the purpose, or function of behavior and mental experiences

22
Q

What is interactive dualism?

A

The idea that the mind and body are separate entities that interact to produce sensations, emotions, and other conscious experiences

23
Q

Who was Wilhelm Wundt?

A

He was a German physiologist who established psychology as a distinct scientific discipline and opened the first psychology research laboratory

24
Q

Who was Edward B. Titchener?

A

He was a British born American psychologist who founded structuralism, the first school of psychology

25
Q

What is behaviorism?

A

Behaviorism is a school of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes the study of observable behaviors, especially as they pertain to the process of learning

26
Q

Who was Carl Rogers?

A

He was an American psychologist who was largely responsible for founding the school of humanistic psychology

27
Q

What is stimulus?

A

Anything perceptible to the senses

28
Q

What is learning?

A

Learning is the acquisition and modification of behavior in response to environmental influences

29
Q

Who is Francis Sumner?

A

He was an American psychologist who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States.

30
Q

What is physiology?

A

Physiology is a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms, including human beings

31
Q

Who was William James?

A

He was an American philosopher and psychologist who was instrumental in establishing psychology in the United States and established the psychological school called functionalism

32
Q

Who was Ivan Pavlov?

A

He was a Russian physiologist whose pioneering research on learning contributed to the development of behaviorism and who believed he had discovered the mechanism by which all behaviors are learned

33
Q

What are descriptive research methods?

A

Strategies for observing and describing behavior

34
Q

What does naturalistic observation involve?

A

Systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural settings.

35
Q

What is a case study?

A

An intensive in depth investigation of an individual, family, or some other social unit

36
Q

What are case studies typically used for?

A

To provide psychologists with information that can be used to help understand normal behavior

37
Q

In a survey what does the researcher do?

A

Usually asks a structured set of questions in a predetermined order

38
Q

What do correlational studies show?

A

They show how strongly two variables are related by, or associated with each other, but are limited because only two factors and can only involve one group

39
Q

What is the correlational coefficient?

A

A numerical indicator of the strength and direction of the relationship between two factors
The number indicates the strength of the relationship
The sign indicates the direction of the relationship

40
Q

What is a positive and negative correlation?

A

A positive correlation is one in which the two factors vary in the same direction
A negative correlation is one in which the two factors vary in opposite directions

41
Q

Define Psychology

A

Psychology is the scientific study of behaviors and mental processes

PSY101 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions