Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. Affects all aspects of life and most natural events because all living and nonliving things are made of matter

A

Chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are five traditional areas of study in chemistry?

A

Organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The study of all chemicals contain carbon

A

Organic chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The study of chemicals that in general, do not contain carbon

A

Inorganic chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The study of processes that take place in living organisms. Processes include muscle contraction and digestion

A

Biochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The area of study that focuses on the composition of matter

A

Analytical chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is the area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change

A

Physical chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

A

Pure chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is research that is directed toward a practical goal or application

A

Applied chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are usually linked. Pure research can lead direction to an application, but an application can exist before research is done to explain how it works

A

Pure and Applied chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Many physicists, biologists, astronomers, geologists, environmental scientists and others use chemistry

A

Chemistry as the central science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are composed of particles called atoms, and every atom contains a nuclear and one or more electron

A

Elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Positive charge

A

Protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

No charge

A

Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Negative charge

A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chemical compounds, which are collection of two or more elements. Greatly influence the properties of compounds

A

Bonding and interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Involve processes in which reactants produce products. Is important to the chemistry of living and nonliving things

A

Reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The way in which these motions vary changes in temperature and pressure determine whether a substance will solid, liquid, or gas

A

Kinetic theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Little movement, arranged

A

Solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Basic arrangement, movement

A

Liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Separated, constant fast movement

A

Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is vital to know the amount of the reacting material. The measure is possible using the mole, the chemists invaluable unit for specifying the amount of material

A

The mole and quantifying matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Every chemical process uses or produces energy, often in the form of hear. Changes in quantity called free energy, allowed to predict whether a reaction will actually occur

A

Matter and energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Carbon compounds are the basics of life in all living organisms

A

Carbon chemistry

25
Q

Chemistry can help you satisfy your natural desire to understand how things work

A

Explaining the natural world

26
Q

Chemists contribute to society in many ways. You will find features on careers that require knowledge of chemistry

A

Preparing for a career

27
Q

Industry, private foundations, and federal and state governments all provide funds for scientific research. The availability of funding can influence the direction of research

A

Being an informed citizen

28
Q

Is the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired. Allows humans to do some things more quickly or with less effort

A

Technology

29
Q

Can lead to technologies that aim to benefit the environment, converse and produce energy, improve human life and expand our knowledge of the universe

A

Modern research

30
Q

Chemists use what they know about structure and properties of matter to make

A

New materials with different and improved properties

31
Q

With this growth and more industrialization around the globe the demand for energy is on the rise

A

Population

32
Q

Two ways to meet the demand for energy

A

Converse it, produce more of it

33
Q

Chemistry supplies the medicines, material, and technology that this career uses to treat patients

A

Doctors

34
Q

Store the information that controls changes that take place in cells

A

Genes

35
Q

Scientists assume the methods used to study earth can be applied to other objects in the universe. How do they study the universe

A

They gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to earth

36
Q

Practiced in China and India as early as 400 B.C, Arabs brought it to Spain and from there it spreaded quickly to other parts of Europe. Developed tools and techniques for working with chemicals. (Separating mixtures and purifying chemicals)

A

Alchemy

37
Q

Helped transform chemistry from science of observation to the science of measurement. Designed a balance that could measure mass to the nearest 0.0005 gram

A

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier

38
Q

A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem

A

Scientific method

39
Q

Scientific method steps

A

Making observations, testing hypotheses, developing theories, and scientific law

40
Q

When you use your sense to obtain information. Can lead to a problem

A

Observation

41
Q

Is a proposed explanation for an observation. Is useful only if it accounts for what is actually observed

A

Hypotheses

42
Q

A procedure that is used to test a hypothesis. When you design this you deal with variable factors that can change

A

Experiment

43
Q

The variable you can change during the experiment. Also called the manipulated variable

A

Independent variable

44
Q

The variable observed during the experiment. Also called the responding variable

A

Dependent variable

45
Q

Is a representation of an object or event. Used if getting a hypothesis was difficult or impossible

A

Model

46
Q

A well tested explanation for a broad set of observations. They can help you perform mental pictures of objects or processes that cannot be seen

A

Theory

47
Q

A concise statement that summaries the results of many observations and experiments. Doesn’t try to explain the relationship it describes

A

Scientific law

48
Q

When scientists do this one another, they increase the likelihood of a successful outcome

A

Collaborate and communicate

49
Q

Most journal are published online and are east to access. Articles that are published have to be what before they can be published

A

Reviewed by experts in the author’s field

50
Q

A major source of information anyone can have access of it. Disadvantage is that anyone can post information without having it reviewed

A

Internet

51
Q

Effective problem solving always involves

A

Developing a plan and then implementing that plan

52
Q

Steps for numeric problems

A

Analyze, calculate , and evaluate

53
Q

Identity what is known (measurement or equations), what is unknown (the number/units), make a plan for using what is known to arrive to unknown, planning (diagrams, tables, and graphs)

A

Analyze

54
Q

Convert measurements from one unit to another, rearrange an equation before you can solve the unknown

A

Calculate

55
Q

Is the answer reasonable, does it make sense, did you copy the data correctly, choose the right equations?

A

Evaluate

56
Q

Steps for solving nonnumeric problems

A

Analyze and solve

57
Q

Identity what is unknown and known

A

Analyze

58
Q

Make a plan for getting to known to unknown (diagrams, flowcharts, and models)

A

Solve

59
Q

Is any bring that has mass and occupies space

Example: trees, water, and buildings

A

Matter