Chapter 1

Question 1

Is the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. Affects all aspects of life and most natural events because all living and nonliving things are made of matter

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

What are five traditional areas of study in chemistry?

Answer 2

Organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry

Question 3

The study of all chemicals contain carbon

Answer 3

Organic chemistry

Question 4

The study of chemicals that in general, do not contain carbon

Answer 4

Inorganic chemistry

Question 5

The study of processes that take place in living organisms. Processes include muscle contraction and digestion

Answer 5

Biochemistry

Question 6

The area of study that focuses on the composition of matter

Answer 6

Analytical chemistry

Question 7

Is the area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change

Answer 7

Physical chemistry

Question 8

Is the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

Answer 8

Pure chemistry

Question 9

Is research that is directed toward a practical goal or application

Answer 9

Applied chemistry

Question 10

Are usually linked. Pure research can lead direction to an application, but an application can exist before research is done to explain how it works

Answer 10

Pure and Applied chemistry

Question 11

Many physicists, biologists, astronomers, geologists, environmental scientists and others use chemistry

Answer 11

Chemistry as the central science

Question 12

Are composed of particles called atoms, and every atom contains a nuclear and one or more electron

Answer 12

Elements

Question 13

Positive charge

Answer 13

Protons

Question 14

No charge

Answer 14

Neutrons

Question 15

Negative charge

Answer 15

Electrons

Question 16

Chemical compounds, which are collection of two or more elements. Greatly influence the properties of compounds

Answer 16

Bonding and interactions

Question 17

Involve processes in which reactants produce products. Is important to the chemistry of living and nonliving things

Answer 17

Reactions

Question 18

The way in which these motions vary changes in temperature and pressure determine whether a substance will solid, liquid, or gas

Answer 18

Kinetic theory

Question 19

Little movement, arranged

Answer 19

Solid

Question 20

Basic arrangement, movement

Answer 20

Liquid

Question 21

Separated, constant fast movement

Answer 21

Gas

Question 22

Is vital to know the amount of the reacting material. The measure is possible using the mole, the chemists invaluable unit for specifying the amount of material

Answer 22

The mole and quantifying matter

Question 23

Every chemical process uses or produces energy, often in the form of hear. Changes in quantity called free energy, allowed to predict whether a reaction will actually occur

Answer 23

Matter and energy

Question 24

Carbon compounds are the basics of life in all living organisms

Answer 24

Carbon chemistry

Question 25

Chemistry can help you satisfy your natural desire to understand how things work

Answer 25

Explaining the natural world

Question 26

Chemists contribute to society in many ways. You will find features on careers that require knowledge of chemistry

Answer 26

Preparing for a career

Question 27

Industry, private foundations, and federal and state governments all provide funds for scientific research. The availability of funding can influence the direction of research

Answer 27

Being an informed citizen

Question 28

Is the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired. Allows humans to do some things more quickly or with less effort

Answer 28

Technology

Question 29

Can lead to technologies that aim to benefit the environment, converse and produce energy, improve human life and expand our knowledge of the universe

Answer 29

Modern research

Question 30

Chemists use what they know about structure and properties of matter to make

Answer 30

New materials with different and improved properties

Question 31

With this growth and more industrialization around the globe the demand for energy is on the rise

Answer 31

Population

Question 32

Two ways to meet the demand for energy

Answer 32

Converse it, produce more of it

Question 33

Chemistry supplies the medicines, material, and technology that this career uses to treat patients

Answer 33

Doctors

Question 34

Store the information that controls changes that take place in cells

Answer 34

Genes

Question 35

Scientists assume the methods used to study earth can be applied to other objects in the universe. How do they study the universe

Answer 35

They gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to earth

Question 36

Practiced in China and India as early as 400 B.C, Arabs brought it to Spain and from there it spreaded quickly to other parts of Europe. Developed tools and techniques for working with chemicals. (Separating mixtures and purifying chemicals)

Answer 36

Alchemy

Question 37

Helped transform chemistry from science of observation to the science of measurement. Designed a balance that could measure mass to the nearest 0.0005 gram

Answer 37

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier

Question 38

A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem

Answer 38

Scientific method

Question 39

Scientific method steps

Answer 39

Making observations, testing hypotheses, developing theories, and scientific law

Question 40

When you use your sense to obtain information. Can lead to a problem

Answer 40

Observation

Question 41

Is a proposed explanation for an observation. Is useful only if it accounts for what is actually observed

Answer 41

Hypotheses

Question 42

A procedure that is used to test a hypothesis. When you design this you deal with variable factors that can change

Answer 42

Experiment

Question 43

The variable you can change during the experiment. Also called the manipulated variable

Answer 43

Independent variable

Question 44

The variable observed during the experiment. Also called the responding variable

Answer 44

Dependent variable

Question 45

Is a representation of an object or event. Used if getting a hypothesis was difficult or impossible

Answer 45

Model

Question 46

A well tested explanation for a broad set of observations. They can help you perform mental pictures of objects or processes that cannot be seen

Answer 46

Theory

Question 47

A concise statement that summaries the results of many observations and experiments. Doesn't try to explain the relationship it describes

Answer 47

Scientific law

Question 48

When scientists do this one another, they increase the likelihood of a successful outcome

Answer 48

Collaborate and communicate

Question 49

Most journal are published online and are east to access. Articles that are published have to be what before they can be published

Answer 49

Reviewed by experts in the author's field

Question 50

A major source of information anyone can have access of it. Disadvantage is that anyone can post information without having it reviewed

Answer 50

Internet

Question 51

Effective problem solving always involves

Answer 51

Developing a plan and then implementing that plan

Question 52

Steps for numeric problems

Answer 52

Analyze, calculate , and evaluate

Question 53

Identity what is known (measurement or equations), what is unknown (the number/units), make a plan for using what is known to arrive to unknown, planning (diagrams, tables, and graphs)

Answer 53

Analyze

Question 54

Convert measurements from one unit to another, rearrange an equation before you can solve the unknown

Answer 54

Calculate

Question 55

Is the answer reasonable, does it make sense, did you copy the data correctly, choose the right equations?

Answer 55

Evaluate

Question 56

Steps for solving nonnumeric problems

Answer 56

Analyze and solve

Question 57

Identity what is unknown and known

Answer 57

Analyze

Question 58

Make a plan for getting to known to unknown (diagrams, flowcharts, and models)

Answer 58

Solve

Question 59

Is any bring that has mass and occupies space | Example: trees, water, and buildings

Answer 59

Matter