Chapter 1

Question 1

La Disfluidité / Disfluency

Answer 1

An interruption of speech – such as a repetition, hesitancy, or prolongation of sound – that may occur in both typically developing individuals and those who stutter.

répétitions, prolongations, interjections, révisions

Question 2

Normal disfluency / La disfluidité normale

Answer 2

An interruption of speech in a typically developing individual

Question 3

Fluency / La fluidité

Answer 3

The effortless flow of speech

Question 4

Repetition / La répétition

Answer 4

A sound, syllable, or single syllable word that is repeated several times. The speaker is apparently “stuck” on that sound and continues repeating it until the following sound can be produced.

Question 5

Prolongation / La prolongation

Answer 5

A stutter in which sound or air flow continues but movement of the articulators is stopped

Question 6

Block / Le bloc

Answer 6

A stutter that is an inappropriate stoppage of the flow of air or voice and often the movement of articulators as well.

Question 7

Core behaviour / Les comportements de base

Answer 7

The basic speech behaviour of stuttering - repetition, prolongation, and block

Question 8

Secondary behaviour / Les comportements secondaires

Answer 8

A speaker’s reactions to his or her repetitions, prolongations, and blocks in an attempt to end them quickly or avoid them altogether. Such reactions may begin as random struggle but soon turn into well-learned patterns. Secondary behaviours can be divided into two broad classes: escape and avoidance behaviours

Question 9

Escape behaviours / Les comportements d’échappement

Answer 9

A speaker’s attempts to terminate a stutter and finish the word. This occurs when the speaker is already in a moment of stuttering.

Question 10

Avoidance behaviours / Les comportements d’évitement

Answer 10

A speaker’s attempt to prevent stuttering when he or she anticipates stuttering on a word or in a situation. Word-based avoidances are commonly interjections of extra sounds, like “uh,” said before the word on which stuttering is expected.

Question 11

Attitude / Les attitudes (f)

Answer 11

A feeling that has become a pervasive part of a person’s beliefs

Question 12

Heterogeneity / L’hétérogénéité (f)

Answer 12

Differences among various types of a disorder

Question 13

Developmental stuttering / Le bégaiement développemental

Answer 13

A term used to denote the most common form of stuttering that develops during childhood (in contrast to stuttering that develops in response to a neurological event or trauma or emotional stress).

Question 14

Prevalence / La prévalence

Answer 14

A term used to indicate how widespread a disorder is

Question 15

Incidence / L’incidence (f)

Answer 15

An index of how many people have stuttered at some time in their lives

Question 16

Anticipation / L’anticipation (f – l’attente)

Answer 16

AN individual’s ability to predict on which words or sounds he or she will stutter.

Question 17

Consistency / La consistance

Answer 17

The tendency for speakers to stutter on the same words when reading a passage several times

Question 18

Adaptation / L’adaptation (f)

Answer 18

The tendency for speakers to stutter less and less (up to a point) when repeatedly reading a passage.