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Nutrition Ch 1 & 2 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define diet

A

usual pattern of food choices

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2
Q

define nutrition

A

scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses these substances

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3
Q

define nutrient

A

chemical necessary for proper body functioning

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4
Q

essential nutrient

A

nutrient that must be supplied by food

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5
Q

macronutrient

A

nutrients needed in gram amounts daily and that provide energy. Carbs, proteins, & fats

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6
Q

micronutrient

A

vitamins and minerals

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7
Q

kilocalorie

A

heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1 liter of water 1 degree C*; measure of food energy

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8
Q

phytochemicals

A

compounds made by plants that are not nutrients

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9
Q

malnutrition

A

state of health that occurs when the body is improperly malnourished. Can be either be undernourished or over nourished.

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10
Q

Factors that influence personal food choices

A
  1. family
  2. childhood experiences
  3. peers
  4. ethnic background
  5. education
  6. occupation
  7. availability 8. nutritional & rel. beliefs
  8. habits, advertising 10. mood
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11
Q

leading causes of death in the US

A
  1. heart dz
  2. Cancer
  3. stroke
  4. type II DM
  5. lung infections
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12
Q

lifestyle factors that contribute to the leading causes of death in the US

A
  1. dietary practices
  2. physical activity level
  3. recreational drug use
  4. tobacco abuse
  5. alcohol abuse
  6. obesity
  7. HTN
  8. DM
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13
Q

What is the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths?

A

tobacco use

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14
Q

classes of nutrients

A
  1. carbs
  2. lipids/fats
  3. proteins
  4. vitamins
  5. minerals
  6. water
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15
Q

function of carbs

A

energy

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16
Q

function of lipids

A

energy, cellular development, growth and development. regulation of body processes (chemical messengers). absorption of certain vitamins

17
Q

function of proteins

A

production of cell membranes & enzymes; cell development; immune fxn

energy

18
Q

vitamins

A

cell metabolism, immune fxn, production & maintenance of tissues

19
Q

minerals

A

fluid balance & metabolism, growth, maintenance and development

20
Q

water

A

fluid balance, regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes. Chemical reactions

21
Q

kilo (k)

A

one thousandth

22
Q

deci- (d)

A

one tenth (0.1)

23
Q

centi- (c)

A

one hundredth (0.01)

24
Q

milli (m)

A

one thousandth (0.001)

25
Q

micro (mc)

A

one millionth

26
Q

explain the concept of energy density and identify energy-dense foods

A

energy density describes the energy value of food in relation to the food’s weight. High fat foods are usually energy dense - ex: donut v. strawberry.

27
Q

factors that contribute to malnutrition in the world

A
  1. under nutrition

2. over nutrition

28
Q

Identify major federal food assistance programs

A
  1. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
  2. Commodity Distribution Program
  3. WIC
  4. School lunch and breakfast programs
  5. elderly nutrition program
29
Q

anecdote

A

report of personal experience

30
Q

variable

A

personal characteristic or other factor that changes and can influence an outcome

31
Q

epidemiology

A

study of the occurrence, distribution, and cases of health problems in populations

32
Q

placebo

A

fake treatment

33
Q

placebo effect

A

response to a placebo

34
Q

peer review

A

expert critical analysis of a research article before it is published

35
Q

quackery

A

promotion of useless medical treatments

36
Q

steps of scientific method

A
  1. make observations that generate questions.
  2. formulate hypotheses to explain events
  3. review current scientific literature that relate to the questions.
  4. design studies, perform tests, collect data
  5. analyze data and draw conclusions based on the results
  6. share results with peers
  7. conduct more research
37
Q

research bias

A

scientists relying on their personal attitudes and biases when collecting and analyzing data. Inability to objectively evaluate data.

38
Q

dietary supplement

A

nutrient pills, protein powders, herbal extracts, energy bars and drinks.

Adds to a person’s dietary intake and contains one or more dietary ingredients, including nutrients or botanicals.

Nutrition Ch 1 & 2 (1 decks)

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