Chapter 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Behaviorism
- Focus on observable and measurable behavior
- Behavior can be learned or unlearned
Constructivism
student constructs their own knowledge
Schema Theory
describes how information is leaned. By storing it in the brain
inquiry learning
John Dewey. Learners are innately curious and actively create their own knowledge.
Engagement Theory
Those who are actively engaged have higher achievement levels.
self-efficacy
confidence you will reach your goals
Sociolinguistics
language is a learning tool
zone of proximal development
the level between their actual development and their potential development.
Sociocultural Theory
Children from different cultures have different expectations about literacy and prefer different ways of learning
Situated Learning Theory
rejects the notion of separating learning to do something from actually doing it and emphasizes the importance of apprenticeship
Critical Literacy
view language as a means of social actions and advocate that students become agents of change
informational processing
describes how information moves through the mind
interactive models
readers focus on comprehension and construction meaning using a combination of reader-based and text-based information
Transnational theory
describes comprehension as the result of a two-way transaction between the reader and the text
Strategic Behaviors
children employ strategic or goal-oriented behaviors to direct their thinking
Metacognition
“thinking about your own thinking
The phonological System
the sound system
Phonemes
sounds
Graphemes
letters or letter combinations
Phonics
phoneme-grapheme correspondences
Syntactic system
structural organization of english
Grammar
the rules governing how words are combined in sentences, not parts of speech
Morphemes
smallest meaningful units in language (dog, play)
Compound words
two or more morphemes combined (birthday)
