Chapter 1

Question 1

The Characteristics of Civilization

Answer 1

Ready???

Question 2

Division of Labor: 3.

Answer 2

~Farming Improved=enough food for village.
~People could do other works.
~Artisans & merchants made a living by selling goods to other social groups.

Question 3

Surplus of Food: 2

Answer 3

~Irrigation: canals and ditches to transport water.

~Dike: embankment of the earth & rock to prevent floods.

Question 4

Form of Writing: 6

Answer 4

~expansion of trade/keep records
~ To preserve/pass on ideas and ideas: long and complex
~ Pictograph: picture that stood for a word.
~Ideographs: rep. word or sound.
~Phonographs: Combo of pic to make sound.
~Alphabet: signs rep. consonants/vowels.

Question 5

Bureaucratic Gov. : 4

Answer 5

~ org, by hierarchical levels of authority.
~People had rules to govn. behavior & work.
~cities grew from more food- lrger. population
~ lrg. # peeps= great palaces, temples, etc public builds.

Question 6

Calendar:4

Answer 6

~based off lunar: moon cycle
~necessary for river val. civil. b/c had to obs. changes in seasons for floods.
~floods happened 11 days earlier each year.
~29.5: lunar month;=12 months=354 days

Question 7

Culture Notes

Answer 7

Ready???

Question 8

Culture

Answer 8

All the things that make up peoples entire way of life.

Question 9

Social Structure:

Family & social classes

Answer 9

~org. its members into smaller groups
~Family:
Nuclear-hus.wf. chil. 
ext- sev. gen.
patriarchal-men=authority
matriarchal- wom.=authority 
~Social classes: income, occup, &/ancest. 
grades sch. ~colleges~ companies they wrk for.

Question 10

Customs& Traditions: 2

Answer 10

~societies unwttn rules/bhaviors

~vary in import. & enforce.

Question 11

Lang.

Answer 11

~cornerstone, w/out=no culture, usually have official lang.

Question 12

Arts/lit

Answer 12

~Stories pass on cultural basic beliefs

~ strengths sense of identity.

Question 13

Religion:
Monotheism
Polytheism

Answer 13

~Helps answer life’s basic ques.
~Monotheism: Belief in one god.
~Polytheism: mult. gods

Question 14

Forms of gov.: Main types.

Answer 14

~ To meet common needs.
Democracy- people power
Republic-people choose leader
Dictator- ruler holds power by force.

Question 15

Eco. Systems:

Answer 15

~How people use their resources to satisfy needs/wants.
Traditional: produce=needs
Market-buy&sell goods/services
Command-gov. controls what goods prod.
Mixed-indv. make some, while gov. make others.

Question 16

5 things of geography

Answer 16

Ready???

Question 17

Geography

Answer 17

study of people, their environments, & resources.

Question 18

Location

Answer 18

~position on Earth
~absolute- exact
~relative-general area

Question 19

Place

Answer 19

Terms of locations physical and human charcteristics

Question 20

interactions between peeps & env.

Answer 20

~ Anything we do affects env.

Question 21

movement

Answer 21

of people, goods, & ideas

~Migration, immigration, emigrations

Question 22

Cultural diff.

Answer 22

movement of customs to place to place.

Question 23

Region

Answer 23

area of unified charct.
phys. Rocky mov.
Cul. muslim world
Eco. Third World