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Chemisty > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Property

A

• Characteristic
• Identity type of matter
1. building blocks (composition)
2. arrangements (structure of atoms)

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2
Q

Macroscopic Realm

A

Visible

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3
Q

Microscopic Realm

A

Invisible

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4
Q

Properties of Gas

A
  • Far apart
  • Fast movement
  • No fixed shape/volume
  • Compressible
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5
Q

Properties of Liquid

A
  • Closely packed
  • No fixed shape
  • Fixed volume
  • Not very compressible
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6
Q

Properties of a Solid

A
  • Rigid
  • Tightly packed
  • Shape/volume
  • Incompressible
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7
Q

Element

A
  • Cant breakdown
  • Atoms/molecules
  • ONE kind of atom
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8
Q

Compound

A
  • 2+ different elements
  • 2+ kinds of atoms
  • E.g water (H2O)
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9
Q

Pure substance

A
  • Uniform composition

* E.g oxygen,water,table sugar

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10
Q

Mixture

A
  • 2+ substances
  • Chemical identity individually kept
  • Can be separated
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11
Q

Homogenous Mixture

A
  • Uniform throughout (composition)
  • 1 physical state
  • E.g air,sugar,water,vinegar
  • Also called solutions
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12
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A
  • Components not uniform
  • 2+ physical states
  • E.g cereal in milk,wood and rocks
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13
Q

Dalton’s Law of constant composition or Definite Proportions

A

• Pure compound

  • elemental composition same
  • e.g water = 11% H, 89% O

• Different routes for preparation
- no composition/property change

• Varying purities
- different composition

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14
Q

Separation of Mixtures

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Crystallization
  3. Distillation
  4. Chromatography
  5. Centrifugation
  • components of physical properties different
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15
Q

Filtration (heterogeneous)

A

Methods (how to read following bullets)

  • physical property used
  • procedure
  • Solubility
  • Pouring of solid and liquid mixture onto filter, solid trapped by filter, liquid passes through filter
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16
Q

Crystallization

A

Methods (how to read following bullets)

  • physical property used
  • procedure
  • Solubility
  • Slow crystallization of solid from solution
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17
Q

Distillation (homogeneous)

A

Methods (how to read following bullets)

  • physical property used
  • procedure
  • Volatility
  • Boil off volatile component of liquid mixture
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18
Q

Chromatography (homogeneous)

A

Methods (how to read following bullets)

  • physical property used
  • procedure
  • Ability to absorb to surface
  • Passing liquid/gaseous mixture over paper or through column coated/packed with absorbent
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19
Q

Centrifugation

A

Methods (how to read following bullets)

  • physical property used
  • procedure
  • Density
  • Liquid-solid mixture rotate at high speed; solid collects at bottom of sample tube
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20
Q

Matter

A
  • Physical matter
  • Mass
  • Occupies space
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21
Q

GLC: Gas-Liquid Chromatography

A

• Greater affinity component has for liquid layer (stationary phase)
= slower it moves

• Gas (mobile phase)
= faster is moves

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22
Q

Physical properties of Matter

A
  • Changes appearance, not composition

* E.g ice to water

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23
Q

Chemical properties of Matter

A
  • Different substance formed

* E.g electrolysis of water

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24
Q

Intensive physical properties

A
  • Not dependable on amount/quantity

* E.g density, temperature, melting point

25
Q

Extensive physical properties

A
  • Depend on amount/quantity

* Mass,volume, pressure

26
Q

SI

A

• Systeme International d’Unites

  • metric units agreement
  • 1960
27
Q

Amount of substance (mol)

A

• Mole

28
Q

Electric Current (measurement)

A

• Ampere (A)

29
Q

Luminous intensity (measurement)

A
  • Candela

* cd

30
Q

Mega (M): Powers of ten

A
  • 10 to power of 6

* Mm

31
Q

Kilo (k): Powers of ten

A
  • 10 to the power of 3

* Km

32
Q

Deci (d): Powers of ten

A
  • 10 to the power of -1

* dm

33
Q

Centi (c): Powers of ten

A
  • Ten to the power of -2

* cm

34
Q

Milli (m): Powers of ten

A
  • Ten to the power of -3

* mm

35
Q

Micro (Ua): Powers of ten

A
  • Ten to the power of -6

* Um

36
Q

Nano (n): Powers of ten

A
  • Ten to the power of -9

* nm

37
Q

Pico (p): Powers of ten

A
  • Ten to the power of -12

* pm

38
Q

Femto (f): Powers of ten

A
  • Ten to the power of -15

* fm

39
Q

Length

A

• 1m=100cm=10 to the power of 3 (mm)

40
Q

Mass

A

• 1kg=1000g=10 to the power of 6 (mg)

41
Q

Metric units converted to English measurements

A
  • 1m=1.093613 yard
  • 1cm=0.393701 inch
  • 1kg=2.204623 lb
42
Q

Temperature

A

• Kelvin = *C+273.15

43
Q

Absolute zero temperature

A

• O K= -273.15C (-459.67 F)

44
Q

Celsius Scale

A
  • Freezing point and boiling point at sea level
  • Water freezing= 0*C
  • Water boiling= 100*C
45
Q

Fahrenheit Scale

A
  • Water freezing = 32*F

* Water boiling = 212*F

46
Q

Celsius and Fahrenheit conversion

A
  • C = 5/9 (F 32)

* F = 9/5 (C) + 32

47
Q

Kelvin and Celsius scales

A
  • Equal-sized units

* 1*C = 1K

48
Q

Volume (v)

A
  • V= l.b.h
  • m to the power of 3
  • 1mL=1cm to the power of 3
  • 1L=1dcm to the power of 3=1000cm to the power of 3=1000mL
49
Q

Density (p)

A
  • Amount of substance per unit volume of substance
  • mass/volume=kg/m to the power of 3
  • g/mL=g/cm to the power of 3=g/cc
  • Temperature dependent- volumes change when substances heated/cooled
  • Water=1.00 g.cm to the power of -3
50
Q

Velocity (measurement)

A

• m/s

51
Q

Pressure (measurement)

A

• Pa

52
Q

Uncertainty in Measurement

A

• Measurement numbers in exact

53
Q

Accurate

A

Close to true value

54
Q

Precise

A

Close together

55
Q

Significant Figures

A

• Digits in measured quantity
• E.g 1.20 = 3 significant figures
(1.19g-1.21g)

56
Q

Determining number of significant figures

A
  • Left to right
  • Zeros at end/middle significant
  • Zeros at beginning not significant
  • E.g 5.60x10 to the power -3m = 3 significant numbers
57
Q

Exact numbers

A
  • E.g 1/2, 4/3, 2
  • Infinite number of significant figures
  • Counting numbers
58
Q

Multiplication and Division (Uncertainty in Measurement)

A

• Result same amount of significant figures aaa measurement with fewest
• E.g area= 6.221cm x 5.2 cm (2 significant figures)
= 32.3492
= 32 cm squared (2 significant figures)

Chemisty (1 decks)

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